The normal development of tibial torsion

Kristiansen, Leif Pål; Gunderson, Ragnhild; Steen, Harald; Reikerås, Olav

doi:10.1007/s002560100388

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…77 Outward torsion increases the most in the first 4 years of life and continues to increase approximately 1° per year until the age of 10. 39 Our mean values for tibial torsion observed in a healthy adult population are lower than the mean value of 38° reported by a previous study 39 using computed tomography, and are slightly higher than the reported mean value of 15° reported by a study 74 using clinical measures for males and females combined. While these 2 previous studies were performed on relatively small sample sizes (n = 26 and n = 16, respectively) and may not be considered as normative data, our data suggest that a mean value for tibial torsion in healthy males and females is approximately 19°, which is more consistent with the lower values reported in the studies that used clinical measures 73,77 than with the higher values in studies that used computed tomography.…”

Section: Tibial Torsion and Subtalar Joint Pronationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…While these 2 previous studies were performed on relatively small sample sizes (n = 26 and n = 16, respectively) and may not be considered as normative data, our data suggest that a mean value for tibial torsion in healthy males and females is approximately 19°, which is more consistent with the lower values reported in the studies that used clinical measures 73,77 than with the higher values in studies that used computed tomography. 39 Subtalar joint pronation, when measured in a weight-bearing position, is a combination of calcaneal eversion with adduction and plantar flexion of the talus. 66 Clinically, pronation is commonly examined by measures of navicular drop and standing rearfoot angle.…”

Section: Tibial Torsion and Subtalar Joint Pronationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Clinical Measures of Lower Extremity Alignment

Nguyen¹,

Shultz²

2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

164

135

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Selected lower limb injuries and, in particular, those of the knee have been reported to occur in greater prevalence in females compared to males. 4,29,49,60,61,85 Sex differences in lower extremity alignment (LEA) have been included among a myriad of risk factors as a potential cause for the prevalence of knee injury in females. 21,29,34,33,47 Anecdotally, females have been cited as having greater anterior pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion, tibiofemoral angle, quadriceps angle, genu recurvatum, tibial torsion, and foot pronation. 21,29 However, apart from the measure of quadriceps angle, there is little empirical data to support these sex differences in a healthy population.While the literature consistently demonstrates greater mean quadriceps angles in females, 1,23,24,26,28,84 limited studies support a sex difference in mean pelvic tilt 24 and genu recurvatum. 81 Conversely, no sex differences have been observed with measures of tibial torsion 57,77 and foot pronation as measured by navicular drop 6,24,51,81 t StuDy DeSign: Descriptive, cohort design.t ObJectiveS: To comprehensively examine sex differences in clinical measures of static lower extremity alignment (LEA).t bAckgrOunD: Sex differences in LEA have been included among a myriad of risk factors as a potential cause for the increased prevalence of knee injury in females. While clinical observations suggest that sex differences in LEA exist, little empirical data are available to support these sex differences or the normal values that should be expected in a healthy population.t MethODS AnD MeASureS: The right and left static LEA of 100 healthy college-age participants (50 males [mean 6 SD age, 23.3 6 3.6 years; height, 177.8 6 8.0 cm, body mass, 80.4 6 11.6 kg] and 50 females [mean 6 SD age, 21.8 6 2.5 years; height, 164.3 6 6.9 cm; body mass, 67.4 6 15.2 kg]) was measured. Each alignment characteristic was analyzed via separate repeated-measures analyses of variance, with 1 between-subject factor (sex) and 1 within-subject factor (side).t reSultS: There were no significant sex-byside interactions and no differences between sides. Females had greater mean anterior pelvic tilt, hip anteversion, quadriceps angles, tibiofemoral angles, and genu recurvatum than males (P<.0001). No sex differences were observed in tibial torsion (P = .131), navicular drop (P = .130), and rearfoot angle (P = .590).t cOncluSiOn: Sex differences in LEA indicate that females, on average, have greater anterior pelvic tilt, thigh internal rotation, knee valgus, and genu recurvatum. These sex differences were not accompanied by differences in the lower leg, ankle, and foot. Understanding these collective sex differences in LEA may help us to better examine the influence of LEA on dynamic lower extremity function and clarify their role as a potential injury risk factor.

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Section: Tibial Torsion and Subtalar Joint Pronationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Tibial Torsion and Subtalar Joint Pronationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Clinical Measures of Lower Extremity Alignment

Nguyen¹,

Shultz²

2007

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

164

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Yaşamın ilk yılından itibaren tibia eksternal rotasyona uğrar ve erişkinde ortalama yaklaşık 20°'ye ilerler. 16 Klinikte hastalar karşımıza tibianın lateral torsiyonu (LTT) veya medial torsiyonu (MTT) ile gelmektedir. Tibianın eksternal rotasyonu, doğal gelişimi çoğunlukla 7 yaşta tamamlanır.…”

Section: Ti̇bi̇al Torsi̇yonunclassified

“…Bu yaş ön-cesi alt ekstremite rotasyon problemlerinin spontan düzeldiği kabul edilmektedir. 16 Ancak LTT varsa, büyüme ile tibia daha da dışa döndüğü için zamanla kötüleşir. Özellikle LTT, MFT ile birlikteyse diz içe, ayak bileği ise dışa dönmüştür.…”

Section: Ti̇bi̇al Torsi̇yonunclassified

“…Normalde bacağın torsiyonel aksı ilk yaş için 2-8°, erken çocukluk ve genç erişkin dönemi için 20-47° olarak bildirilmektedir. 16 Bacağın torsiyonun BT ile araştırmasında hastaya kalça ve dizler tamamen ekstansiyonda, bacaklar birbirine paralel supin pozisyon verilip aşağıda tanımlanan noktalardan 5mm'lik kesitler alınır. Proksimaldeki çizgi femoral kondillerin posterior uçlarından geçer (Resim 6).…”

Section: Ti̇bi̇al Torsi̇yonunclassified

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Radiologic Approach in the Rotation Problems of Lower Extremity

Özkol¹,

Keçeli²,

Örgüç³

et al. 2018

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Alt ekstremitenin rotasyonu, morfolojik değişikliklerden deformiteye kadar uzanan geniş bir spektrumdur. Çocukluk çağındaki alt ekstremite hastalıkları arasında, pes planustan sonra ikinci sıklıkta görülen antite multifaktoryel özellikteki rotasyonel sorunlardır. Bu derlemede, bu sorunlarda kullanılan radyolojik yöntemleri, örnek olgular ve tıbbi literatürle tartıştık. Farklı gö-rüntüleme yöntemleri ve olguların klinik yönetimindeki farklılıklar nedeni ile radyolojik standardizasyon güçtür. Bu derlemede amacımız, kendi deneyimlerimizle birlikte en sık kullanılan yaklaşımları, astebular anteversiyonu, femoral ve tibial torsiyonu, patellofemoral uyumu anlatmaktır.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Kemik anteversiyonu; femur; tibia; radyoloji A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T The rotation of the lower extremities involves a broad spectrum of varieties from deformities to morphological differentiations. The rotational problems are the second most common entity after pes planus among the lower extremity diseases of childhood. Lower extremity problems are multifactorial. In this review the radiological methods used for imaging of common causes are discussed through representative case, considering the literature. Because of the varying clinical manangements and several different imaging methods, radiological standardization is very difficult. In this review, we aimed to provide contribution to this challenging issue by adressing the most common approaches and our experiences. Regarding the terminology and evaluation of acetabular anteversion, femoral torsion, patello-femoral adjustment and tibial torsion. lt ekstremitenin uzun kemiklerinin (femur ve tibia) kendileri üze-rinde, longitudinal eksende internal (mediale) veya eksternal (laterale) rotasyonları vardır. Bunlar yürüme fonksiyonunda ayağın içe veya dışa doğru yönelmesinin en önemli nedenleridir.

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