The Normal Contrast-Enhanced Computed Axial Tomogram of the Brain

Tp, Naidich; Pudlowski, RM; Ne, Leeds; Jb, Naidich; Aj, Chisolm; Rifkin,

doi:10.1097/00004728-197701000-00004

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The CT manifestations of cere britis in our study confirmed those previously reported [7] and included peripheral contrast enhancement with gradual There also appeared to be a "blush" on the walls of the lateral ventricles after contrast enhancement. Similar obser vations have been noted with contrast-enhanced CT images [11]. The explanation for this phenomenon is unknown but may be related to the subependymal veins [12].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by a paramagnetic nitroxide contrast agent: preliminary report

Brasch¹,

Nitecki²,

Brant‐Zawadzki³

et al. 1983

American Journal of Roentgenology

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Contrast-enhancing agents for demonstrating abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier may extend the diagnostic utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. "TES," a nitroxide stable free radical derivative, was tested as a central nervous system contrast enhancer in dogs with experimentally induced unilateral cerebritis or radiation cerebral damage. After intravenous injection of TES, the normal brain showed no change in NMR appearance, but areas of disease demonstrated a dramatic increase (up to 45%) in spin-echo intensity and a decrease in Ti relaxation times. The areas of disease defined by TES enhancement were either not evident on the nonenhanced NMR images or were better defined after contrast administration. In-depth tests of toxicity, stability, and metabolism of this promising NMR contrast agent are now in progress.Contrast-enhancing pharmaceutical agents may extend the diagnostic capa bilities of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Paramagnetic substances tested as NMR contrast agents include the ions of manganese and iron and nitroxide stable free radicals (NSFRs) [1,2]; all have been shown to decrease proton relaxation times, namely T, and T2 [3]. Thus, paramagnetic substances enhance contrast differences between those tissues containing the contrast agent and magnetically similar tissues without it.In separate reports we have described the relative advantages and disadvan tages of various methods to manipulate NMR contrast [2,4] and the potential to directly evaluate renal function in experimental animals using NSFRs as uro graphy NMR contrast agents [2,5].NSFRs are a group of synthetic, strongly paramagnetic organic compounds that for two decades have been used as "spin labels" for in vitro biologic studies[6], A water-soluble piperidinyl NSFR derivative, "TES," is rapidly excreted into the urine after intravenous administration, an excretion pattern useful for NMR urographic studies [2,5]. TES demonstrates additional properties suggesting promise as a clinically useful NMR contrast agent; these include chemical stability of solutions over a broad range of pH and temperature, limited in vivo metabolism, and broad chemical versatility [2,6]. The ability to chemically attach TES to a variety of biomolecules, drugs, and particles may permit the synthesis of tissuespecific NMR contrast agents. Preliminary toxicity studies of NSFRs, the subject of future reports, are also favorable for the continued development of NSFRs as pharmaceuticals.In this study we examined the potential of TES to enhance NMR contrast within the brains of animals having experimentally induced cerebritis or radiation damage. Living dogs were imaged by NMR before and after intravenous admin istration of TES. Loci of brain injury were more clearly identified on the postcontrast images; TES appears to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) only at sites of disease and thereby increases the diagnostic yield from the NMR imaging examination. Brain Nuclear Magnetic Materials and Methods Experimental AnimalsAlpha-strep...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by a paramagnetic nitroxide contrast agent: preliminary report

Brasch¹,

Nitecki²,

Brant‐Zawadzki³

et al. 1983

American Journal of Roentgenology

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“…CP appears intermediate signal intensity on proton density and T2W MRI. Because CP is a richly vasculer structure, it enhances homogeneously after intravenous contrast medium injection on both CT and MRI [9][10][11]. MRI is favourite imaging modality because it is better than CT to show the location and relationship of the lesion [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the normal choroid plexus size in adults with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

İmamoğlu¹,

Erkoç²,

Şalk³

et al. 2013

CMJ

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Aim. According to our knowledge, there is no definition for the normal choroid plexus (CP) size with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal CP size in the adult population. The data for normal size may help to evaluate the early diagnosis of CP pathologies. Methods. The measurements were obtained retrospectively from 380 MRIs. The thickness of CP was evaluated in eight locations from different two planes for each study. The exclusion criterions were; absent or inadequate demonstration of CP and the existence of CP pathologies. Means and ranges of CP thickness were evaluated in different gender, age groups and also in general population. Comparisons were made between genders, age groups and between the thickness from left and right. Results. The mean CP thickness was found 2.22 mm, 4.63 mm and 1.95 mm in body, atrium of lateral ventricles and in fourth ventricles respectively. There was no significative difference between gender and the thickness from left and right. Conclusion. Various CP pathologies can occur in adults. To know the normal CP size may help to early diagnosis of CP pathologies that can be very important.Keywords: Brain, Choroid plexus size, magnetic resonance imaging Özet Amaç. Bizim bilgimize göre erişkinlerde magnetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile normal koroid pleksus (KP) boyut tanımı yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı erişkin popülasyonda normal boyutun değerlendirilmesidir. Bu normal boyut verileri KP patolojilerinin erken tanısına yardımcı olabilir. Yöntem. Ölçümler retrospektif olarak 380 MRG' den elde edildi. KP kalınlığı her çalışmada iki ayrı planda 8 lokalizasyonda değerlendirildi. Dışlama kriterleri; KP'nin görüntülenememesi veya yetersiz görüntülenmesi ve KP patolojilerinin bulunmasıydı. KP kalınlığının ortalaması ve dağılımı farklı cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarında ve aynı zamanda genel populasyonda değerlendirildi. Cinsiyet, yaş grupları ve sağ, sol kalınlıklar arası karşılaştırmalar yapıldı. Bulgular. Ortalama KP kalınlığı lateral ventrikül korpusu, atriumu ve dördüncü ventrikülde sırasıyla 2.22 mm, 4.63 mm ve 1.95 mm olarak bulundu. Cinsiyet ile sağda ve solda kalınlıklar arası anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Sonuç. Erişkinlerde çeşitli KP patolojileri görülebilir. Normal KP boyutunu bilme, çok önemli olabilen KP patolojilerinin erken tanısına yardım edebilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Beyin, Koroid pleksus boyutu, magnetik rezonans görüntüleme Geliş tarihi

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“…Limitations in spatial and density resolution of early CT scan ners prevented routine visualization of the falx on unenhanced stud ies; it was seen only after co ntrast infusion [1]. In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, increased density in th e interhemispheric fissure was identified on unenhanced scans and , because it mimicked the appearance of the enhanced fal x , came to be called the " falx sign " of subarachnoid hemorrhage [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The falx cerebri and interhem ispheric fissure , although recognized early on axial CT [1], re ce ived littl e attention in the literature. We have studied the normal anatomic configu ration of these structures in detail and offer anatomic information for differentiation of a variety of pathologic processes that may affect the fal x and interh emispheric fissure.…”

Section: Falx and Interhemispheric Fissure On Axial Ct: I Normal Anamentioning

confidence: 99%

Falx and interhemispheric fissure on axial CT: I. Normal anatomy

Zimmerman¹,

Yurberg²,

Russell³

et al. 1982

American Journal of Roentgenology

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The Normal Contrast-Enhanced Computed Axial Tomogram of the Brain

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by a paramagnetic nitroxide contrast agent: preliminary report

Brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by a paramagnetic nitroxide contrast agent: preliminary report

Evaluation of the normal choroid plexus size in adults with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Falx and interhemispheric fissure on axial CT: I. Normal anatomy

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