The Norfolk Worsted Industry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Allison, K. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8586.1960.tb00007.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Here it is no wonder that productivity suffered or did not improve dramatically. This situation should be contrasted with what went on in the east and southwest, where enclosure typically occurred early, usually was not forced (there were few parliamentary enclosures in these regions), and when it did take place, often served the interests of the cultivating class and not the landowning class (Allison 1957). As I will show, by and large, these less-communal areas were more productive than communal areas before parliamentary enclosure and remained more productive than the former communal regions after enclosure.…”

Section: Field Systems As Products Of Local Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Local Institutions and Rural Development in European History

Hopcroft¹

2003

Social Science History

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Rising per capita incomes generated by rural development helped make the industrialization of Europe possible. The current dominant approaches to rural development in European history stress the role of either local class relations or state institutions. Both approaches ignore the role of local institutions. Although class relations and state institutions were important in rural development in European history, the regional analysis presented here shows that these factors alone were not enough. Also important was a suitable institutional structure at the local level. Local institutions and associated class relations also shaped when enclosure occurred and what its effects were and thus need to be taken into account by those assessing the efficiency value of enclosure.

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Section: Field Systems As Products Of Local Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Local Institutions and Rural Development in European History

Hopcroft¹

2003

Social Science History

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“…Given the economic turnover, it was no longer profitable to rely on rents and grain production. Instead, transforming the agricultural system to mixed farming, where the primary focus was on the production of wool, was most beneficial (Allison, 1957). The continent was increasing its demand for this fine raw material and this changed the relative price of wool compared to grain (Harte, 1997; Verhulst, 1972).…”

Section: The Brecklandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long as their earnings from rents and feudal dues were high enough, the situation remained unchanged. Nevertheless, even with population decline and loss of earnings, the lords were able to enhance their position, enlarge their estates and increase their power (Allison, 1957). As a result, they were able to alter the fold course system to their advantage.…”

Section: The Brecklandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more progressive farmers were a more fundamental threat, as they were able to reorganise their estates, enclose their plots, and intensify their production by combining turnips, sheep breeding and arable production. This way, the fold course system had on several places died out before the second half of the 18th century when the enclosure acts of the English Parliament were passed (Allison, 1957).…”

Section: The Brecklandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of different distributions of power on access rights to the common wastelands: the Campine, Brecklands and Geest compared

Keyzer

2013

Journal of Institutional Economics

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Abstract:Despite the static image of formal common pool resource institutions (CPRIs), interest communities always attempted to adapt their institutional framework to their particular needs and interests. The hypothesis of Ensminger, that formal and informal institutional environments were steered by the interplay of external socioeconomic factors, ideology and bargaining power, will be tested by a comparative analysis of three regions within the North Sea area, namely the Campine, within the Low Countries, the Brecklands in England and the Geest area in Schleswig Holstein. Due to this scope, we will advance that especially the distribution of power was vital for the evolution of one specific aspect of CPRIs, namely accessibility. Only communities with relatively balanced distributions of power could retain an inclusive access regime throughout the early modern period, while polarised societies evolved towards more restrictive access to the common wastelands.

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“…The nucleated parishes in this part of north Norfolk were predominantly agricultural, following a variant of sheep-corn husbandry known as the foldcourse system. 20 Nonetheless, the proximity of the North Sea ensured that agriculture was not the only source of income: salt-marsh and sea-shore provided both a living for specialist fowlers and inshore fisherman and a source of food and fuel for the poorer residents; a number of yeomen were ship-owners and traded with the continent; and the neighbouring ports of Wells to the west and Blakeney, Cley and Wiveton to the east encouraged all but the poorest residents to cultivate cash-crops such as labour-intensive saffron, alder and hemp. In addition, all groups were involved in a thriving cottage industry of spinning, sewing and knitting.…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradition and Exclusion: Parochial Officeholding in Early Modern England, A Case Study from North Norfolk, 1580–1640

Pitman

2004

Rural History

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This article suggests that there has been a tendency to understate the degree to which officeholding during the early modern period was embedded within the community, moulded by local influences and fulfilling a range of different functions in the parish. An over-emphasis upon national processes of social and cultural change has resulted in a failure to appreciate the complexity of the politics of officeholding. There has been only limited recognition of both the presence of constraints upon the actions of parochial elites and the mechanisms through which particular groups established and maintained control over parochial institutions. A detailed analysis of officeholding within seven parishes lying on the north Norfolk coast stresses the extent to which 'parochial traditions' determined the way in which things were done. It is argued that the effective linkage of officeholding to these shared understandings and to ideals of participation and inclusion created a powerful rhetoric through which the exclusion of a large minority of the populace and uneven distributions of officeholding were justified.

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The Norfolk Worsted Industry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Local Institutions and Rural Development in European History

Local Institutions and Rural Development in European History

The impact of different distributions of power on access rights to the common wastelands: the Campine, Brecklands and Geest compared

Tradition and Exclusion: Parochial Officeholding in Early Modern England, A Case Study from North Norfolk, 1580–1640

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