The Nordic Football Injury Audit: Higher Injury Rates for Professional Football Clubs With Third-Generation Artificial Turf at Their Home Venue

Kristenson, Karolina; Bjørneboe, John; Waldén, Markus; Andersen, T E; Ekstrand, Jimmy; Hägglund, Martin

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.166

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…16,27,28 Nevertheless, evidence remains indicating persistent differences between injuries sustained on the two different surfaces. [29][30][31][32][33] None of these studies reported what characteristics of the playing surface were directly attributable for the injury rates witnessed, nor did they objectively scrutinise the pitches. This suggests an inherent assumption amongst some researchers that pitches remain constant over time.…”

Section: Current Evidence That Natural Turf Pitches Affect Injury Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the natural turf pitch be viewed as a risk factor for injury within Association Football?

Rennie¹,

Vanrenterghem

Littlewood

et al. 2016

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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a b s t r a c tObjectives: A review of the current literature is used to propose a 'conceptual model for relative pitch hardness' and how this may affect incidence of injury within Association Football. Based upon the injury risk and causation model of Meeuwisse et al. (Clin J Sport Med 2007; 17(3):215), it may provide researchers a necessary framework to guide future research investigations. Design: A literature review. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases available until October 2014, and supplemental hand searching was conducted to identify relevant studies. Studies were deemed relevant if they met the following criteria: published in English, presented or referenced in an epidemiological study or provided data directly and/or related to the surface of the football pitch, ball or boot to surface interaction and injury. Further information was sourced on surface hardness, players' movement patterns and physiological demands within football. Results: Papers varied in methodological quality, with comparative studies examining injury rates on artificial versus natural turf pitches being most prevalent. No prospective studies were found that objectively measured the relationship between hardness of natural turf and injury risk within football. Conclusions: The literature review into natural turf pitches and injury within football has largely been unable to confirm that pitch hardness can be viewed as a significant extrinsic risk factor. Methodological concerns, including objectivity in pitch assessment and uniformity in defining injuries undermine the efficacy of available work. Future studies are needed utilising objective assessment tools to draw more definitive conclusions regarding pitch hardness as an extrinsic factor for injury within football.

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Section: Current Evidence That Natural Turf Pitches Affect Injury Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the natural turf pitch be viewed as a risk factor for injury within Association Football?

Rennie¹,

Vanrenterghem

Littlewood

et al. 2016

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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“…Recently, data from Scandinavian male professional football showed that clubs with AT installed at their home arenas had higher general injury rates compared with clubs having NG installed at their home arenas, especially regarding overuse injuries. 3 However, this increased injury rate for AT clubs was evident on both playing surfaces, and it was thus suggested that the higher injury rate could not be attributed to high AT exposure per se, but possibly due to more frequent surface shifts among the AT clubs. Owing to different surfaces at clubs' home venues, shifts between playing surfaces frequently occur in Swedish and Norwegian football.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-season football activities in Sweden and Norway (from the beginning of January to the middle or end of March) are largely carried out indoors or outdoors on AT. 3 Therefore, only the 5 competitive part of each season was included (starting with the primary competition match for each team and season. Injury rate is expressed as the number of injuries/1000 h with 95% CI, using a rate ratio with corresponding 95% CI, and significance was tested with z-statistics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General cohort characteristics have been published previously. 3 To study the injury characteristics of players that mainly participate in club first team matches, only players with exposure from ≥ five first team matches/season were included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Additionally, many different brands and types of AT were included and not adjusted for. 3 . Lastly, the exposure form did not include information of specific training type or intensity, and we have no data on recovery strategies, even though this potentially could affect injury rates.…”

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confidence: 99%

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No association between surface shifts and time-loss overuse injury risk in male professional football

Kristenson

Bjørneboe

Waldén

et al. 2016

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Hägglund, M. (2015). No association between surface shifts and timeloss overuse injury risk in male professional football. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,19,[218][219][220][221] Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.elsevier.com: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.jsams.2015.06.001 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.elsevier. GEE results are presented with risk ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI). Injury rate was expressed as time loss injuries/1000 hours, and compared between groups with a rate ratio and 95% CI. Results:No association was found between the number of surface shifts and subsequent overuse injury risk (risk ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.91-1.12). Furthermore, no difference was seen in subsequent overuse injury risk after match play on unaccustomed compared with accustomed surface (risk ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.78-1.38). Grass clubs (grass installed at home venue) had a lower match injury rate when playing away matches on artificial turf compared with away matches on grass (rate ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.40-0.89). Conclusions:This study showed no association between surface shifts or playing matches on an unaccustomed surface and time-loss injury risk in professional football, suggesting that clubs and players can cope with such surface transitions.

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Epidemiology of soccer players traumatic injuries during the 2015 America Cup

Pangrazio

Forriol

2016

MLTJ

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SummaryAim: to provide an overview of the traumatic injuries sustained by players in the 2015 America Cup. Material and methods: we collected the medical reports on all the matches held during the 2015 America Cup, in Chile, in 2015. Twelve American teams took part in the championship, consisted of 26 matches with a total of 276 players. The physician for each team sent a request form of the traumatic injuries sustained, including the time at which the injury was produced, the location and diagnosis, its severity and the circumstances (contact injury, sanction, treatment required). Results: the mean number of minutes played was 233 (SD: 147) (5-570) minutes. An injury occurred every 58 minutes, which means that there were 17.25 injuries per 1,000 minutes of match time. We found 44 injuries in 30 players. There were 14 non-contact injuries, and 30 contact injuries, of which 13 were declared fouls and resulted in cards being given. Five teams had one injured player, two had 2, two had 4, and one had 25 injuries. The most frequent injuries were those to the lower limbs. The muscles strains happened in the second part of the second half of the match, the ACL rupture at the end of the first half, and the other sprains and strains in the second half. The contusions occurred at all times throughout the match, although they seemed to be concentrated towards the end of the first half, while the cases of tendinitis were caused in the first part of the second half. Conclusion: football injuries are very common, and even though serious injuries are rare, it is increasingly necessary to set protocols for action which ensure good medical attention at all levels to address the problems that arise, both during training and in competitions, and to be prepared to treat serious injuries if these occur.

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The Nordic Football Injury Audit: Higher Injury Rates for Professional Football Clubs With Third-Generation Artificial Turf at Their Home Venue

Abstract: Hagglund, M. (2013

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Can the natural turf pitch be viewed as a risk factor for injury within Association Football?

Can the natural turf pitch be viewed as a risk factor for injury within Association Football?

No association between surface shifts and time-loss overuse injury risk in male professional football

Epidemiology of soccer players traumatic injuries during the 2015 America Cup

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