The nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) promoter is inducible by UV‐B radiation through a pathway dependent on reactive oxygen species

Yu, Guohui; Sung, Soon-Kee; An, Gynheung

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00376.x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…As to the question whether oxidative stress and oxidative damage acted as the mediator and caused the adaptation response, some work has been done to clarify the genetic regulation by ROS or the products of oxidative damage under stressing conditions. First of all, it has been found that the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses including UV‐B stress is often mediated by several rapid genetic processes that are associated with the formation of ROS and the induction of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA molecules (10,15,42,43). In addition, however, H 2 O 2 , O 2 ·− and lipid hydroperoxides are considered to be suitable signaling species for initiating functional modulation without disruption of cellular integrity, which allows the organisms to adapt to the stress conditions (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to UV-B Stress Correlated with Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage¶

Klisch

Häder

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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Cyanobacteria must cope with the negative effects of ultraviolet B (280–315 nm) (UV‐B) stress caused by their obligatory light requirement for photosynthesis. The adaptation of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. to moderate UV‐B radiation has been observed after 2 weeks of irradiation, as indicated by decreased oxidative stress, decreased damage, recovered photosynthetic efficiency and increased survival. Oxidative stress in the form of UV‐B–induced production of reactive oxygen species was measured in vivo with the oxidative stress–sensitive probe 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Photooxidative damage by UV‐B radiation, including lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breakage, was determined by a modified method using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding. Photosynthetic quantum yield was determined by pulse amplitude–modulated fluorometry. The results suggest that moderate UV‐B radiation results in an evident oxidative stress, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased DNA strand breaks, elevated chlorophyll bleaching as well as decreased photosynthetic efficiency and survival during the initial exposure. However, DNA strand breaks, photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll bleaching returned to their unirradiated levels after 4–7 days of irradiation. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation appeared to respond later because decreases were observed after 7 days of radiation. The survival curve against irradiation time exhibited a close relationship with the changes in photosynthetic quantum yield and DNA damage, with little mortality after 4 days. Growth inhibition by UV‐B radiation was observed during the first 7 days of radiation, whereas normal growth resumed even under UV‐B stress thereafter. An efficient defense system was assumed to come into play to repair photosynthetic and DNA damage and induce the de novo synthesis of UV‐sensitive proteins and lipids, allowing the organisms to adapt to UV‐B stress successfully and survive as well as grow. No induction of mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAA) was observed during the adaptation of Anabaena sp. to UV‐B stress in our work. The adaptation of the cyanobacterium correlated with and could be caused by the oxidative stress and oxidative damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to UV-B Stress Correlated with Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage¶

Klisch

Häder

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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“…In plant cells, it has been increasingly suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) could mediate many aspects of cellular signaling (Price et al 1994;Ingram and Bartels 1996;Yamaguchi-Shinozaki 1996, 1997;Yu et al 1998;Hippeli et al 1999;Zhang et al 2001;Zhao et al 2001;Rental and Knight 2004). We have widely probed the water deficit-induced ABA accumulation in relation to various signaling pathways, such as the Ca 2+ , calmodulin (CaM), and CDPKs pathways, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/diacylglycerol pathway, the Ser/Thr reversible phosphorylation pathway and the mitogenactivated protein kinase pathway.…”

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Regulation of Water Deficit-Induced Abscisic Acid Accumulation by Apoplastic Ascorbic Acid in Maize Seedlings

Gao

et al. 2005

J Integrative Plant Biology

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Water deficit-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation is one of the most important stress signaling pathways in plant cells. Redox regulation of cellular signaling has currently attracted particular attention, but much less is known about its roles and mechanisms in plant signaling. Herein, we report that water deficit-induced ABA accumulation could be regulated by ascorbic acid (AA)-controlled redox status in leave apoplast. The AA content in non-stressed leaves was approximately 3 µmol/g FW, corresponding to a mean concentration of 3 mmol/L in a whole cell. Because AA is mainly localized in the cytosol and chloroplasts, the volume of which is much smaller than that of the whole cell, AA content in cytosolic and chloroplast compartments should be much higher than 3 mmol/L. Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation in both leaf and root tissues of maize seedlings was significantly inhibited by AA and reduced glutathione (GSH) at concentrations of 500 µmol/L and was completely blocked by 50 mmol/L AA and GSH. These results suggest that the AA-induced inhibition of ABA accumulation should not occur at sites where AA exists in high concentrations. Although water deficit led to a small increase in the dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) content, no significant changes in AA content were observed in either leaf or root tissues. When compared with the whole leaf cell, the AA content in the apoplastic compartment was much lower (i.e. approximately 70 nmol/g FW, corresponding to 0.7 mmol/L). Water deficit induced a significant decrease (approximately 2.5-fold) in the AA content and an increase (approximately 3.4-fold) in the DHA content in the apoplastic compartment, thus leading to a considerably decreased redox status there, which may have contributed to the relief of AA-induced inhibition of ABA accumulation, alternatively, promoting water deficit-induced ABA accumulation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) could not mimic water deficit in inducing ABA accumulation, suggesting that the inhibition of ABA accumulation by AA or GSH was not related to their ROS-scavenging ability. The results of the present study suggest that the redox status in the apoplastic compartment, as determined by AA and DHA, may play a vital role in the regulation of the signaling process for water deficit-induced ABA accumulation.

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Functional role of CAAT box element of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter

Dai

Edward³

et al. 1999

J. Plant Biol.

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The nopaline synthase (nos) promoter is active in a wide range of plant tissues and regulated by various environmental stimuli. It was previously found that the CAAT box region is important for nos promoter activity. In the present study, the location of the CAAT box element was determined by site specific mutation analysis. Point mutations within the conserved CAAT box element significantly reduced the promoter response in transgenic tobacco plants and calli to wounding, H2Oz, methyl jasmonate, and 2,4-D, but not to salicylic acid. However, mutations immediately upstream from the CAAT box did not affect these responses. These results suggest thai the CAAT box element is important in responding to certain stimuli.

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The nopaline synthase (nos) promoter is inducible by UV‐B radiation through a pathway dependent on reactive oxygen species

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to UV-B Stress Correlated with Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage¶

Adaptation of Cyanobacteria to UV-B Stress Correlated with Oxidative Stress and Oxidative Damage¶

Regulation of Water Deficit-Induced Abscisic Acid Accumulation by Apoplastic Ascorbic Acid in Maize Seedlings

Functional role of CAAT box element of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter

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