The nonpolar egg wax lipids of the cattle tick,<i>Boophilus microplus</i> (Canestrini)

McCamish, Malcolm; Cannell, G. R.; Cherry, Lois M.

doi:10.1007/bf02533291

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…According to McCamish et al (1977), 40% of the tick egg wax is composed of nonpolar lipids. The germination rate of conidia on the host cuticle is an important determinant of fungal virulence (Pekrul andGrula 1979, Hassan et al 1989), and the lipids associated with the insect epicuticle can stimulate or inhibit the germination of entomopathogenic fungal conidia (Kerwin 1984, Szafranek et al 2001, James et al 2003, Jarrold et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to Tick Eggs and the Effect of Egg Cuticular Lipids on Conidia Development

Gindin

Ment

Rot³

et al. 2009

J Med Entomol

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The ovicidal efficacy of two entomopathogenic hyphomycetes fungi--Metarhizium anisopliae variety acridum (M. an. ac.) Driver and Milner (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae variety anisopliae (M. an. an.) (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)--was evaluated against eggs of three tick species (Acari: Ixodidae)--Hyalomma excavatum (Koch), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latereille)--by placing eggs, laid by surface-sterilized females, on conidia-impregnated filter paper. Although M. an. an. strains differed in their virulence to the tested ticks, they reduced the hatching percentages of eggs of all three tick species to 0-32% compared with 80-90% in the control eggs. The M. an. ac. strains were found highly virulent to H. excavatum and R. sanguineus eggs, reducing the hatching percentages to 2-6% but had no influence on hatching of R. annulatus eggs. Older tick eggs were more susceptible to fungal infection than newly laid ones. The effects of polar and nonpolar lipid fractions, extracted from the surface of tick eggs, on the development of conidia were tested. Both germination of M. an. an. conidia and formation of appressoria were stimulated by extracts from egg cuticles of all three tested tick species. However, the stimulating effect was lower when the conidia were exposed to lipids from relatively less susceptible R. annulatus eggs than when exposed to lipids from H. excavatum or R. sanguineus eggs. Unlike those of M. an. an., conidia of M. an. ac. exposed to such lipid extracts did not germinate and did not form appressoria.

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confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to Tick Eggs and the Effect of Egg Cuticular Lipids on Conidia Development

Gindin

Ment

Rot³

et al. 2009

J Med Entomol

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“…Thus Vermeulen et al (1986) have shown that the UV spectra ofhexane extracts obtained from eggs laid by females with blocked and unblocked porose areas were quite similar. Furthermore, the absorptions measured at 294, 306 and 320 rim, which are characteristic for A2,4,6-trienes (Atkinson and Binnington, 1973;McCamish et al, 1977), in nonpolar egg wax lipids of B. microplus changed only slightly with respect to time and raised temperature. In addition, Vermeulen et al (1986) using HPLC and electrophoresis, demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences in hexane, ethanol and butanol extracts of eggs obtained from ticks with open and cauterized porose areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Histology and ultrastructure of the glands associated with the porose areas on the gnathosoma ofRhipicephalus evertsi evertsi before and during oviposition

Gothe¹,

Göbel²,

Neitz

1987

Exp Appl Acarol

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Histological and electronmicroscopical studies have shown that the subcuticular tissue associated with the porose areas of female Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi consists of paired multicellular, alveolar and lobularly arranged glands. At least two types of cells are clearly distinguishable, according with their location. Proximally, in direct association with the pores, cells with small and long nuclei are present. These cells are aligned along large, elongated lumina containing numerous microvilli and extend deep into the cuticular pores. They are separated from the extraintegumental space by cuticular valves. The distal gland sections are characterized by cells with large nuclei which are mostly arranged in the form of rosettes. These cells, which function as secretory cells, contain many mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and membrane-lined vesicles. The glands are always present in female ticks and their dorso-ventral extension increases continuously with feeding, reaching a maximum depth during oviposition.

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“…The wax esters could contribute to the elasticity of the cuticle in engorged females (Kaufman et al, 2016). Alternatively, the wax esters could be from the initial stages of egg wax synthesis in the developing Gené’s organ as the female feeds in preparation for oviposition (Dos Santos et al, 2018; McCamish et al, 1977). These alternatives could be tested in future experiments by characterizing wax esters in the cuticle of engorged A. americanum females, and on the surface of A. americanum eggs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface lipidome of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, provides leads on semiochemicals and lipid metabolism

Renthal

Lohmeyer

Borges

et al. 2019

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Lipids extracted from the surface of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Prior to lipid extraction, the adult ticks were either unfed or fed on cattle, and the fed ticks were in groups either containing males and females together, or containing only males or females. Cholesteryl esters were found on the surfaces of fed females, and they may provide a more complete description of the composition of the mounting sex pheromone. Dihydrocholesteryl esters were detected on the surfaces of unfed males and females, suggesting a possible role in survival during host-seeking. Dehydrodeoxyecdysone, found on fed females, could be a component of the genital sex pheromone. The most abundant polar surface lipids detected were acylglycerides. High levels of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids on males fed separately might be derived, in part, from sperm development. A high level of a 20:4 fatty acid, presumably arachidonic acid, was found on the surface of fed females, indicating that it may be a component of the genital sex pheromone. A high level of docosenamide was found on the surface of fed females. Wax esters were found on the surfaces of fed ticks but not on unfed ticks. These esters could be involved in elasticity of the cuticle of engorged females or in wax coating of eggs. N-acylethanolamines were found on the surfaces of male and female ticks fed together, and on male ticks fed separately, but were absent or at low levels on females fed separately and on unfed ticks. This pattern suggests a possible role as a metabolic coordination primer pheromone.

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The nonpolar egg wax lipids of the cattle tick,Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Pathogenicity ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to Tick Eggs and the Effect of Egg Cuticular Lipids on Conidia Development

Pathogenicity ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to Tick Eggs and the Effect of Egg Cuticular Lipids on Conidia Development

Histology and ultrastructure of the glands associated with the porose areas on the gnathosoma ofRhipicephalus evertsi evertsi before and during oviposition

Surface lipidome of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, provides leads on semiochemicals and lipid metabolism

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