The nonlinear gestural model of speech apraxia: clinical implications and applications

Ziegler, Wolfram; Lehner, Katharina; Pfab, Jakob; Aichert, Ingrid

doi:10.1080/02687038.2020.1727839

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For patients with AOS, the faster initiation of words with trochaic as compared to iambic stress patterns suggests that the encoding of speech segments to apraxic impairment strongly interacts with word-level prosody. Therefore, our study once again supports the assumption of the NLG model that intergestural cohesion expands across the whole metrical tree of a word [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The NLG model assumes a stronger bonding between encoding units within the domain of a trochaic foot (i.e., a stressed unstressed rhythm) than across metrical boundaries, which may explain the facilitating effect of regular words in our patients with AOS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast to this account, we have proposed a nonlinear gestural (NLG) model of speech motor planning along lines suggested by articulatory phonology [ 21 ]. The NLG model explains the phonetic planning demands for spoken words by a hierarchical architecture, expanding from articulatory gestures over syllable constituents to metrical structures [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The gestural arrangement is nonlinear in the sense that gestures (and the segments they compose) are not planned in a strictly left-to-right sequence; rather, the probability of correctly producing each gesture is a function of its position in the metrical–gestural model of the word as whole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Time with the Beat: Entrainment in Patients with Phonological Impairment, Apraxia of Speech, and Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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In the present study, we investigated if individuals with neurogenic speech sound impairments of three types, Parkinson’s dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and aphasic phonological impairment, accommodate their speech to the natural speech rhythm of an auditory model, and if so, whether the effect is more significant after hearing metrically regular sentences as compared to those with an irregular pattern. This question builds on theories of rhythmic entrainment, assuming that sensorimotor predictions of upcoming events allow humans to synchronize their actions with an external rhythm. To investigate entrainment effects, we conducted a sentence completion task relating participants’ response latencies to the spoken rhythm of the prime heard immediately before. A further research question was if the perceived rhythm interacts with the rhythm of the participants’ own productions, i.e., the trochaic or iambic stress pattern of disyllabic target words. For a control group of healthy speakers, our study revealed evidence for entrainment when trochaic target words were preceded by regularly stressed prime sentences. Persons with Parkinson’s dysarthria showed a pattern similar to that of the healthy individuals. For the patient groups with apraxia of speech and with phonological impairment, considerably longer response latencies with differing patterns were observed. Trochaic target words were initiated with significantly shorter latencies, whereas the metrical regularity of prime sentences had no consistent impact on response latencies and did not interact with the stress pattern of the target words to be produced. The absence of an entrainment in these patients may be explained by the more severe difficulties in initiating speech at all. We discuss the results in terms of clinical implications for diagnostics and therapy in neurogenic speech disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Time with the Beat: Entrainment in Patients with Phonological Impairment, Apraxia of Speech, and Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…By implication, they are less vulnerable to a loss of cortical tissue in this area. Conversely, articulatory patterns that are less typical of the speaker's native language, or less cohesive, have less redundant neural representations and are therefore more vulnerable to cortical damage (Ziegler, Lehner, Pfab, & Aichert, 2021).…”

Section: Neuro-anatomy and Pathomechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though experimental evidence for such links is relatively new, the interactions between the prosodic and the segmental layers of articulation have long been exploited by speech language therapists in the treatment of AOS (for an overview see Ziegler, Aichert, & Staiger, 2010;Aichert, Lehner, Falk, Späth, Franke, & Ziegler, 2021). An overview of the findings summarized above is listed in Table 1 of Ziegler et al (2021).…”

Section: Factors That Influence Apraxic Speech Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neurophonetic approach to articulation planning: The case of apraxia of speech

Ziegler

2022

Laboratory Phonology

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This article addresses the question of whether data from neurological populations can inform basic phonetic research. An approach is reviewed in which speech error data from patients with articulation disorders after a stroke were used to model articulation planning processes.The first section addresses a controversy in cognitive neuroscience about the extent to which data from neurological patients can enrich research in cognitive science at all. It introduces post-stroke apraxia of speech (AOS) as a clinical model of a process termed speech motor planning, suggesting that speech data from patients with AOS can inform phonetic theories about articulatory control.The second section explains how speech error data from patients with AOS were used to develop a measure of articulatory ease that integrates facilitating and complicating factors across different phonological levels, from the articulatory gesture to the phonological word.Section 3 presents previously unpublished data to exemplify how this model can be applied to typical speech, e.g., in studies investigating interactions between lexical and articulatory parameters or in developmental studies of word learning. In a final section, the main line of reasoning is summarized and limitations of this work are discussed.

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“…In addition, the inferior frontal cortex is considered to be the area where the articulatory loop component of working memory engages in storage and manipulation [63,64], and the region has been identified as where the learnt procedural knowledge for the production of the speech sound patterns is assembled and stored in development. It evolved into the neural basis of speech motor planning [65].…”

Section: The Neural Architecture Of Non-fluent Aphasia and Apraxia Of Speechmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prehistory of speech and language is revealed in brain damage

Code

2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The aim of this paper is to develop further the idea that symptoms that emerge in speech and language processing following brain damage can make a contribution to discussions of the early evolution of language. These diverse impairments are called aphasia, and this paper proposes that the recovery of a non-fluent aphasia syndrome following stroke could provide insights into the course of the pre-history of human language evolution. The observable symptoms emerge during recovery, crucially enabled by (dis)inhibition in parallel with a range of impairments in action processing (apraxias), including apraxia of speech. They are underpinned by changes in cortical and subcortical status following brain damage. It is proposed that the observed recovery mimics ontogenic and phylogenic processes in human speech and language. The arguments put forward provide insights tending to support the motor-gestural model of speech and language evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reconstructing prehistoric languages’.

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The nonlinear gestural model of speech apraxia: clinical implications and applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

In Time with the Beat: Entrainment in Patients with Phonological Impairment, Apraxia of Speech, and Parkinson’s Disease

In Time with the Beat: Entrainment in Patients with Phonological Impairment, Apraxia of Speech, and Parkinson’s Disease

A neurophonetic approach to articulation planning: The case of apraxia of speech

The prehistory of speech and language is revealed in brain damage

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