The nonlinear effect of time pressure on innovation performance: New insights from a meta-analysis and an empirical study

Abstract

As competition grows, when employees are required to accelerate innovation, they also face increasing time pressure. In order to shed light on how time pressure affects employees’ innovation performance, two studies were conducted to examine the effect of time pressure on innovation performance. In Study 1, based on 50 effect sizes from 50 independent samples (N = 15,751) in 40 articles, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine the J-shaped effect of time pressure on innovation performance. In Study 2, based on a two-wave survey of 645 employees, the mechanism underlying the J-shaped effect of time pressure on innovation performance was explored. Results from Study 1 revealed that time pressure had a J-shaped effect on innovation performance, such that high levels of time pressure had a more positive effect on innovation performance. Results from Study 2 showed that learning behavior significantly mediated the J-shaped effect of time pressure on innovation performance, and that supervisor developmental feedback moderated the intermediary process. These results deepen the understanding of the relationship between time pressure and innovation performance, and provide practical advice on how to manage innovation performance under time pressure.

So cute, I could wait: the effect of cuteness on consumer patience

“…Time pressure has been found to enhance one’s levels of arousal, resulting in an increased motivation to complete the given task ( Huddleston et al, 2018 ). In consequence, they may give prominence to efficiency ( Song et al, 2023 ) and prioritize the dominant task over the relatively subtle influence of exposure to cuteness ( Dijksterhuis and Bargh, 2001 ), further inhibiting its effect on consumer patience. Overall, we propose that in the case of consumers experiencing high time pressure, occupied with another task, the effect of cuteness on consumer patience will be mitigated.…”

The relationship between performance appraisal interval and employees’ proactive working behavior – analysis based on time-gain effect and time-loss effect

“…Specifically, on the one hand, extending PAI conveys the information that the organization focuses on long-term orientation and future-oriented work practice ( Song et al, 2023 ). A longer-term PAI encourages employees to disregard such “immediate but smaller” benefits and choose “delayed but larger” benefits,” that is, increase their tendency to delay of gratification (DG).…”