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Let p be a prime and let G be a finite group. A complex character of G is called almost p-rational if its values belong to a cyclotomic field ℚ ( e 2 π i / n ) {{\mathbb{Q}}(e^{2\pi i/n})} for some n ∈ ℤ + {n\in{\mathbb{Z}}^{+}} not divisible by p 2 {p^{2}} . We prove that, in contrast to usual p-rational characters, there are “many” almost p-rational irreducible characters in finite groups. We obtain both explicit and asymptotic bounds for the number of almost p-rational irreducible characters of G in terms of p. In fact, motivated by the McKay–Navarro conjecture, we obtain the same bound for the number of such characters of p ′ {p^{\prime}} -degree and prove that, in the minimal situation, the number of almost p-rational irreducible p ′ {p^{\prime}} -characters of G coincides with that of 𝐍 G ( P ) {{\mathbf{N}}_{G}(P)} for P ∈ Syl p ( G ) {P\in{\operatorname{Syl}}_{p}(G)} . Lastly, we propose a new way to detect the cyclicity of Sylow p-subgroups of a finite group G from its character table, using almost p-rational irreducible p ′ {p^{\prime}} -characters and the blockwise refinement of the McKay–Navarro conjecture.
Let p be a prime and let G be a finite group. A complex character of G is called almost p-rational if its values belong to a cyclotomic field ℚ ( e 2 π i / n ) {{\mathbb{Q}}(e^{2\pi i/n})} for some n ∈ ℤ + {n\in{\mathbb{Z}}^{+}} not divisible by p 2 {p^{2}} . We prove that, in contrast to usual p-rational characters, there are “many” almost p-rational irreducible characters in finite groups. We obtain both explicit and asymptotic bounds for the number of almost p-rational irreducible characters of G in terms of p. In fact, motivated by the McKay–Navarro conjecture, we obtain the same bound for the number of such characters of p ′ {p^{\prime}} -degree and prove that, in the minimal situation, the number of almost p-rational irreducible p ′ {p^{\prime}} -characters of G coincides with that of 𝐍 G ( P ) {{\mathbf{N}}_{G}(P)} for P ∈ Syl p ( G ) {P\in{\operatorname{Syl}}_{p}(G)} . Lastly, we propose a new way to detect the cyclicity of Sylow p-subgroups of a finite group G from its character table, using almost p-rational irreducible p ′ {p^{\prime}} -characters and the blockwise refinement of the McKay–Navarro conjecture.
Part of this paper was written while the authors were participating in the Workshop on Lie Groups, Representations and Discrete Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton). It is a pleasure to thank the Institute for its generous hospitality and support.
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