2003
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00872
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The non-classical export routes: FGF1 and IL-1α point the way

Abstract: Non-classical protein release independent of the ER-Golgi pathway has been reported for an increasing number of proteins lacking an N-terminal signal sequence. The export of FGF1 and IL-1α, two pro-angiogenic polypeptides, provides two such examples. In both cases, export is based on the Cu 2+ -dependent formation of multiprotein complexes containing the S100A13 protein and might involve translocation of the protein across the membrane as a 'molten globule'. FGF1 and IL-1α are involved in pathological processe… Show more

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Cited by 183 publications
(200 citation statements)
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References 124 publications
(149 reference statements)
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“…When cultured cells were deprived of serum, both ProTa and S100A13 were completely lost from cells at the time point of 3 h. The cellular loss of S100A13 and ProTa was also blocked by amlexanox, a potent inhibitor of S100A13. [8][9][10][11]18 Quantitative immunoblot analysis confirmed that amlexanox abolished the serum-deprivation stressinduced extracellular release of ProTa (Figure 3c). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 65%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…When cultured cells were deprived of serum, both ProTa and S100A13 were completely lost from cells at the time point of 3 h. The cellular loss of S100A13 and ProTa was also blocked by amlexanox, a potent inhibitor of S100A13. [8][9][10][11]18 Quantitative immunoblot analysis confirmed that amlexanox abolished the serum-deprivation stressinduced extracellular release of ProTa (Figure 3c). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…This re-distribution was completely reversed by co-injection of ATP (Figure 2c, upper right 4 panels). On the other hand, serum deprivation caused a re-distribution of ProTa from nucleus to cytosol, but did not result in extracellular release in the presence of amlexanox, which inhibits the release of proteins lacking a signal peptide sequence [8][9][10][11] (Figure 2c, lower panels). Similarly, co-injection of ATP reversed the nucleusto-cytosol export.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since we previously demonstrated that when the components of the FGF1 release complex are co-expressed, they localize at the plasma membrane in response to stress [16], the observation that FGF1 release complex members destabilize acidic pL liposomes suggests a critical role for plasma membrane pL in the assembly and export of the FGF1 release complex [12]. Particularly, the preference exhibited by p40 Syt1 in permeabilizing pI liposomes indicates the existence of sites of specific pL compositions that recruit different constituents of the FGF1 release complex at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar to another ubiquitous and biologically important prototype member of the FGF family, FGF2, FGF1 belongs to a large group of proteins that lack a conventional signal sequence and gain access to the extracellular compartment independently of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi apparatus [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Indeed, FGF1 release is insensitive to Brefeldin A [14], which blocks ER-to-Golgi vesicular transport [15], and FGF1 does not appear to be present in the cytoplasmic vesicles [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both FGF1 and FGF2 have previously been impli- cated in metanephric development (Perantoni et al, 1995;Barasch et al, 1997;Qiao et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2004). While the FGFs are secreted via a mechanism distinct from the use of an ER signal peptide (Prudovsky et al, 2003) and hence would not have been included in the soluble/secreted class using our prediction tools, these transcripts were actually not outliers themselves, highlighting the need for parallel analyses of signalling pathways.…”
Section: Ingenuity Pathway Analysismentioning
confidence: 97%