The Nitrogen Balance in Plaice, Sole and Perch

Birkett, L.

doi:10.1242/jeb.50.2.375

Cited by 56 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Such increased growth rates may result from higher food availability, environmental stimulation of food consumption, greater assimlation efficiency of consumed food, or increased retention of assimilated food under saline conditions.The present study is designed to gain information on the differential growth rates. Specific growth rates and protein metabolism are investigated in relation to trophic input in freshwater smolt and post-smolt and saltwater fish.Nitrogen balance (Birkett, 1969;Gerkin, 1971) is used to represent protein metabolism and is investigated at the two ration extremes of fully fed and starving…”

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NITROGEN METABOLISM AND TROPHIC INPUT IN RELATION TO GROWTH IN FRESHWATER AND SALTWATERSALMO GAIRDNERI

Smith

Thorpe

1976

The Biological Bulletin

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The downstream migration of juvenile members of the Sahno genus is occasioned by characteristic morphological, physiological and behavioral alterations, by which stenohaline freshwater parr are transformed into euryhaline migratory smolt (Baggerman, 1960;Hoar, 1963;Fessler and Wagner, 1969), capable of ascending the estuarine salinity gradients to the coastal environments (Koch, Evans and Bergstrom, 1959;Houston, 1961). This transformation is of a seasonal and transitory nature, maximum euryhalinity coinciding with the onset of the migratory period. Saltwater tolerance is only retained if the seaward migration is completed. Fish that remain in fresh water at the end of the migratory period revert to a near stenohaline condition known as post-smolt until the following spring when they again transform to euryhaline smolt (Koch and Evans, 1962;Conte and Wagner, 1965). In addition, a certain size has to be attained before salmonids can reach their full seasonal hypo-osmotic regularity potential (Conte and Wagner, 1965). This possibly explains the narrow size distribution of 14-18 cm fork-length found in migratory S. gairdncrl smolts (Mayer and Larkin, 1954; Wagner, \Vallace and Campell, 1963).The size-dependent, as opposed to age-dependent development of euryhalinity has stimulated speculation as to whether growth regulatory factors play a role in the maturation process of the euryhaline ionic regulatory systems in salmonids (Houston and Threadgold, 1963;Parry, 1960). Evidence also suggests continued regulation in an hyperionic environment is concomitant with increased growth rates. Landlocked salmonids are normally of a smaller size at maturity than migratory members of the same species (Ricker, 1938;1940). This is possibly a direct environmental effect, since offspring of nonmigratory lacustrine parents grow as large as the searun type if given the opportunity to migrate to the sea (Foerster, 1947). Furthermore, under both natural and laboratory conditions, saltwater salmonid populations exhibit increased growth rates compared to those in fresh water ( Canagaratnam, 1959;Falk, 1969). Such increased growth rates may result from higher food availability, environmental stimulation of food consumption, greater assimlation efficiency of consumed food, or increased retention of assimilated food under saline conditions.The present study is designed to gain information on the differential growth rates. Specific growth rates and protein metabolism are investigated in relation to trophic input in freshwater smolt and post-smolt and saltwater fish.Nitrogen balance (Birkett, 1969;Gerkin, 1971) is used to represent protein metabolism and is investigated at the two ration extremes of fully fed and starving

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen balance (Birkett, 1969;Gerkin, 1971) is used to represent protein metabolism and is investigated at the two ration extremes of fully fed and starving…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND TROPHIC INPUT IN RELATION TO GROWTH IN FRESHWATER AND SALTWATERSALMO GAIRDNERI

Smith

Thorpe

1976

The Biological Bulletin

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Links Between Fish and Other Trophic Levels

Elliott¹,

Hemingway²,

Costello³

et al. 2002

Fishes in Estuaries

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The Influence of a Teleost Clarias batrachus (L.) on the Behaviour of Different Species of Nitrogen in Water

Jana

Sengupta

Sinha

1986

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Summary: Different experimental conditions (fed large, fed small, starved large, starved small groups, batch offered ration during experiment and low fish loading for a constant volume of water) of the carnivorous fish Clarias batraehus)esulted in marked changes in the concentration of different N species (ammonium-N, nitrate-N, nitrate-N, organic-N as well as the sum of all forms of N) in aquaria water. Organic forms of nitrogen were the most important species of nitrogen excreted by the test fish. The maintenance nitrogen excretion rate was distinctly higher in larger fishes than in smaller ones. Different species of N were found to differ significantly depending upon the fed or starved conditions as well as small or large groups. A reduced level of oxygen in experimental aquaria inhibited the synthesis of nitrate which was maximum in control aquaria with considerably higher values of oxygen.

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The Nitrogen Balance in Plaice, Sole and Perch

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND TROPHIC INPUT IN RELATION TO GROWTH IN FRESHWATER AND SALTWATERSALMO GAIRDNERI

NITROGEN METABOLISM AND TROPHIC INPUT IN RELATION TO GROWTH IN FRESHWATER AND SALTWATERSALMO GAIRDNERI

Links Between Fish and Other Trophic Levels

The Influence of a Teleost Clarias batrachus (L.) on the Behaviour of Different Species of Nitrogen in Water

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