The NINCDS‐ADRDA Work Group criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease

Tierney, Mary C.; Fisher, Rory H.; Lewis, Anthony; Zorzitto, Maria L.; Snow, William G.; Reid, David; Nieuwstraten, P.

doi:10.1212/wnl.38.3.359

Cited by 573 publications

(196 citation statements)

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Section: Neuropathology Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been critically compared with the Braak and Braak, 47 Khachaturian, 13 NIA-Reagan Institute, 46 and the Tierney A3 criteria. [48][49][50][51] The CERAD neuropathology criteria have been and continue to be used in a substantial number of studies, both in the U.S., and abroad.Some have expressed concerns that the CERAD protocol fails to take into account significant pathological and biochemical factors such as estimations of soluble amyloid load, aberrant tau accumulation, and synaptic density. 52 Nor has the protocol been modified to encompass changes reflecting our latest understanding of certain other dementias (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): The first twenty years

Fillenbaum

Belle

Morris

et al. 2008

Alzheimer's & Dementia

373

274

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The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was funded by the National Institute on Aging in 1986 to develop standardized, validated measures for the assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present report describes the measures that CERAD developed during its first decade, and their continued use in their original and translated forms. These measures include clinical, neuropsychological, neuropathological and behavioral assessments of AD, and also assessment of family history and parkinsonism in AD. An approach to evaluating neuroimages did not meet the standards desired. Further evaluations which could not be completed because of lack of funding (but where some materials are available), include evaluation of very severe AD, and of service use and need by patient and caregiver. The information that was developed in the U.S. and abroad permits standardized assessment of AD in clinical practice, facilitates epidemiological studies, and provides information valuable for individual and public health planning. CERAD materials and data remain available for those wishing to use them. KeywordsConsortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; CERAD; Alzheimer's disease; clinical assessment; neuropsychological assessment; neuropathological assessment; norms; prevalence; incidence BackgroundDementing disorders have long been recognized, 1 with the identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically dated back to Alzheimer's century-old paper. 2 Although considerable attention has been paid to Alzheimer's disease and substantial progress has been made in identifying its characteristics, nevertheless much remains unclear. As diagnostic procedures improve, the complexities of this disease become more apparent, and the threat it imposes becomes increasingly evident. In the population 65 years of age and older, both the incidence and prevalence of this disorder double every succeeding five years, 3 with estimated prevalence as high as 40% among those over the age of 85. AD, not recognized as a leading cause of death in 1980, was recognized as the fifth leading cause of death in 2003 among persons 65 years of age and older. 4 There is presently no cure and inadequate amelioration for this condition. It can not only strip personality and capability, but is demanding on family members, seriously disrupting their lives and their work. It is expensive for the long term care system, where about half of the residents may suffer from dementia, a substantial proportion of whom can no longer afford their own care. Although people are now reaching their older years in better health, 5,6 it remains to be seen whether there will be a decrease in the incidence of AD. Currently the fastest growing element of the population is among those 85 years of age and older, the age group where the incidence of AD is greatest.A major step in the management of a disease lies in accurate diagnosis. Relevant to current work, clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia and AD were specified about 25 years ago, and the...

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Section: Neuropathology Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): The first twenty years

Fillenbaum

Belle

Morris

et al. 2008

Alzheimer's & Dementia

373

274

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“…All FTD patients met current consensus FTD criteria [1] and showed disease progression as well as atrophy on scans to exclude any phenocopy FTD cases. AD patients fulfilled NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD [9]. Sixty-three healthy controls (volunteer panel recruits or spouses/carers of patients) matched for gender and education to the AD patients served as controls.…”

Section: Case Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost and Forgotten? Orientation Versus Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

Yew

Alladi

Mekala

et al. 2012

JAD

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Abstract. Recent studies suggest that significant memory problems are not specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but can be also observed in other neurodegenerative conditions, such as behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We investigated whether orientation (spatial & temporal) information is a better diagnostic marker for AD compared to memory and whether their atrophy correlates of orientation and memory differ. A large sample (n = 190) of AD patients (n = 73), bvFTD patients (n = 54), and healthy controls (n = 63) underwent testing. A subset of the patients (n = 72) underwent structural imaging using voxel-based morphometry analysis of magnetic resonance brain imaging. Orientation and memory scores from the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination showed that AD patients had impaired orientation and memory, while bvFTD patients performing at control level for orientation but had impaired memory. A logistic regression showed that 78% of patients could be classified on the basis of orientation and memory scores alone at clinic presentation. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted using orientation and memory scores as covariates, which showed that the neural correlates for orientation and memory also dissociated with posterior hippocampus cortex being related to orientation in AD, while the anterior hippocampus was associated with memory performance in the AD and bvFTD patients. Orientation and memory measures discriminate AD and bvFTD to a high degree and tap into different hippocampal regions. Disorientation and posterior hippocampus appears therefore specific to AD and will allow clinicians to discriminate AD patients from other neurodegenerative conditions with similar memory deficits at clinic presentation.

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“…Individuals in the early stages of AD usually present with mild memory impairment (Haxby et al , 1985;Martin et al, 1986), similar to that in normal aging (Koss et al, 1991;Welford, 1985). The success rate of correctly identifying in dividuals in the early stages of AD using a variety of cognitive measures varies from 50 to 100% (Boller et al, 1989;Cohn et al, 1991;Storandt et al, 1984;Tierney et al, 1987Tierney et al, , 1988.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Statistical Approach Using Positron Emission Tomographic Data

Azari

Pettigrew

Schapiro

et al. 1993

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

104

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Correlational analysis of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated reduced neocortical rCMRglc interactions in mildly/moderately demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, identification of individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interactions may be important for the early detection of AD, particularly among individuals at greater risk for developing AD (e.g., those with a family history of AD). Recently, a statistical procedure, using multiple regression and discriminant analysis, was developed to assess individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interdependencies. We applied this new statistical procedure to resting rCMRglc PET data from mildly/moderately demented patients with probable AD and age/sex-matched controls. The aims of the study were to identify a discriminant function that would (a) distinguish patients from controls and (b) identify an AD pattern in an individual at risk for AD with isolated memory impairment whose initial PET scan showed minor abnormalities, but whose second scan showed parietal hypometabolism, coincident with further cognitive decline. Two discriminant functions, reflecting interactions involving regions most involved in reduced correlations in probable AD, correctly classified 87% of the patients and controls, and successfully identified the first scan of the at-risk individual as AD (probability >0.70). The results suggest that this statistical approach may be useful for the early detection of AD.

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The NINCDS‐ADRDA Work Group criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 573 publications

References 0 publications

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): The first twenty years

Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): The first twenty years

Lost and Forgotten? Orientation Versus Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Statistical Approach Using Positron Emission Tomographic Data

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