The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants

Tottenham, Nim; Tanaka, James W.; Leon, Andrew C.; McCarry, Thomas; Nurse, Marcella; Hare, Todd A.; Marcus, David J.; Westerlund, Alissa; Casey, B. J.; Nelson, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.05.006

Cited by 2,995 publications

(2,642 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, happy expressions are recognized more quickly and accurately than others. This could be related to its most distinctive configuration with a very salient feature, the smile, whereas other facial expressions show more overlapping, less distinctive features 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63. Thus, it is not suprising that a specific FER deficit for negative emotions emerges, whereas happiness recognition elicits higher accuracy scores 35, 47, 48, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68.…”

Section: Discrepancies In Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional‐processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia‐based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Section: Discrepancies In Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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“…Forty‐five angry, happy and neutral male and female face images (15 images per condition) were selected from the NimStim database (Tottenham et al, 2009). We note that the NimStim database includes both closed‐mouth (low arousal) and open‐mouth (high arousal) versions of each emotional expression; for this study, we selected closed‐mouth neutral expressions, open‐mouth happy expressions, and a balanced set of closed‐mouth and open‐mouth angry expressions, which accounted for the higher arousal associated with negative expressions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal dynamics in human visual cortex rapidly encode the emotional content of faces

Dima

Perry

Messaritaki

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Recognizing emotion in faces is important in human interaction and survival, yet existing studies do not paint a consistent picture of the neural representation supporting this task. To address this, we collected magnetoencephalography (MEG) data while participants passively viewed happy, angry and neutral faces. Using time‐resolved decoding of sensor‐level data, we show that responses to angry faces can be discriminated from happy and neutral faces as early as 90 ms after stimulus onset and only 10 ms later than faces can be discriminated from scrambled stimuli, even in the absence of differences in evoked responses. Time‐resolved relevance patterns in source space track expression‐related information from the visual cortex (100 ms) to higher‐level temporal and frontal areas (200–500 ms). Together, our results point to a system optimised for rapid processing of emotional faces and preferentially tuned to threat, consistent with the important evolutionary role that such a system must have played in the development of human social interactions.

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“…babies, erotic couples, and fun sports) picture contents. Pictures of facial expressions were 11 positive (happy), 11 negative (angry), and 11 neutral facial expressions from the NimStim set (Tottenham et al, 2009). 3 All emotions were represented by each actor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional scenes and facial expressions elicit different psychophysiological responses

Alpers

Adolph

Pauli

2011

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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We examined if emotional faces elicit physiological responses similar to pictures of emotional scenes. Forty one students viewed emotional scenes (negative, neutral, and positive) and emotional faces (angry, neutral, and happy). Heart rate, orbicularis oculi and electrodermal activity were measured continuously, and the startle reflex was elicited. Although the patterns of valence and arousal ratings were comparable, physiological response patterns differed. For scenes we replicated the valence-specific modulation of the startle response, heart rate deceleration, and the arousal-related modulation of the electrodermal response. In contrast, for faces we found valence-specific modulation only for the electrodermal response, but the startle and heart rate deceleration were modulated by arousal. Although arousal differences may account for some differences in physiological responding this shows that not all emotional material that is decoded similarly leads to the same psychophysiological output.

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The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants

Cited by 2,995 publications

References 45 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Spatiotemporal dynamics in human visual cortex rapidly encode the emotional content of faces

Emotional scenes and facial expressions elicit different psychophysiological responses

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