The Nightmare Disorder Index: development and initial validation in a sample of nurses

Dietch, Jessica R.; Taylor, Daniel J.; Pruiksma, Kristi E.; Wardle‐Pinkston, Sophie; Slavish, Danica C.; Messman, Brett; Estevez, Rosemary; Ruggero, Camilo J.; Kelly, Kenneth

doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa254

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Specifically, measures were collected at the beginning of an intensive outpatient (IOP) program (Time 1) and approximately 4 weeks later (Time 2, the average amount of time it takes to complete a course of treatment). The PSQI, ISI, and Nightmare Disorder Index (NDI), 18 were administered to subjectively assess sleep, and actigraphy was used to objectively measure quantitative sleep parameters. Primary actigraphy variables of interest are used to indicate good sleep quality 19,20 22 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), 23 and PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) 24 were administered to assess depression, anxiety, and PTSD, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Characteristics of sleep concerns and their relationship to mental health in heterogeneous substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings are not well understood. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess sleep using subjective and objective measures at two time points during SUD treatment and compare sleep changes to changes in mental health measures. Methods: Treatment-seeking participants completed an assessment battery at the beginning of treatment (Time 1, N = 30) and again upon treatment completion (Time 2, approximately 4 weeks later, N = 22). The majority of participants were White (80%), male (63%), and presenting for alcohol use disorder (60.0%), though almost half reported polysubstance abuse (43%). Comorbidity was common (53%). Sleep and mental health questionnaires with 1 week of actigraphy and sleep diaries were completed at both time points. Results: Most participants met the criteria for a sleep disorder and mean scores on questionnaires showed poor sleep quality, insomnia symptoms, and frequent nightmares, with sleep quality and insomnia improving over time but remaining clinically significant. Nightmares did not improve. Actigraphy indicated poor sleep at both time points. Improvement in insomnia was related to improvement in measures of mental health while changes in actigraphy variables were not related to these measures. Discussion and Conclusions: Multiple types of sleep disturbance are prevalent in this population, with nightmares persisting throughout treatment and insomnia symptoms showing a relationship with mental health symptoms. Scientific Significance: This was the first study to longitudinally assess mental health with subjective and objective measures of sleep across multiple types of SUDs in a community SUD treatment setting. How to cite this article: Wilkerson AK, Simmons RO, Sahlem GL, et al. Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program

et al. 2021

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“…Four participants fulfilled the full criteria for a probable nightmare disorder (i.e., experience one or more nightmares per week and indicated a frequency of “sometimes” or higher for the questions regarding alertness, distress, and impairment). The remaining 12 participants reported subthreshold nightmare disorder symptoms (Dietch et al, 2021) with 74.9% reporting being at least “somewhat” disturbed by their nightmares in the previous 4 weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aThe mean and SD reported here were calculated by first calculating an intraindividual mean of a variable (e.g., sleep quality) across the 30 day assessment for each participant, and then calculating the descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, SD) of these intraindividual means. b Maximum number of observations = 480 (30 days Â 16 participants).symptoms(Dietch et al, 2021) with 74.9% reporting being at least "somewhat" disturbed by their nightmares in the previous 4 weeks.Participants showed an extremely good compliance to the daily sleep assessments: 28.81 diary reports (SD = 1.70; range: 24-30) and 27.85 days of valid actigraphy data (SD = 2.85; range: 20-30) over the 30 day period. They experienced a mean of 5.38 (SD = 2.87; range: 2-11) nightmares throughout the assessment period, at a rate of 0.81 nightmares (SD = 0.51; range = 0.0-1.75) per week.…”

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confidence: 99%

Symptom dynamics among nightmare sufferers: An intensive longitudinal study

Dumser

Werner

Ehring

et al. 2022

Journal of Sleep Research

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Nightmares are considerably prevalent in the general population and are known to be closely associated with a variety of mental disorders. However, not much is known about the immediate antecedents and consequences of nightmares. Therefore, we used intensive longitudinal assessments to investigate the night-to-night within-person associations between nightmares on the one hand and fear of sleep, somatic as well as cognitive pre-sleep arousal, and sleep quality on the other hand.Young women with regular nightmares (n = 16) maintained a sleep diary for around 30 days; upon awaking, the participants reported on nightmares and sleep quality during the past night as well as the pre-sleep levels of arousal and fear of sleep (which resulted in 461 observations). Participants also wore an actigraph, which provided objective sleep parameters. Multilevel modeling showed that higher levels of fear of sleep and lower subjective sleep quality were significantly associated with higher levels of nightmare distress. Furthermore, we found individual differences in the strength of these associations, which implies that factors proximate to nightmares may vary across individuals. Pre-sleep arousal, however, did not show expected within-person associations with nightmares or fear of sleep. These findings highlight the crucial role of fear of sleep in the etiology of nightmares and sleep disturbances, while pointing to the importance of pursuing individual, personalised models that explain heterogeneity in the process of triggering nightmares.

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“…Nightmare frequency was measured by the first question from the Nightmare Disorder Index, 33 “How many nights a week did you have nightmares in the past 1 month (ie, disturbing, extended, and well-remembered dreams)?” Participants were offered a range of five response options, from “0 nights per week” to “7 nights per week”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightmare Distress as a Risk Factor for Suicide Among Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder

Song¹,

Wang²,

Zhuang³

et al. 2022

NSS

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Purpose Nightmare is common and is also independently implicated in suicide risk among the adolescent population. Adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at an increased risk of suicide. Therefore, comorbid nightmares may amplify suicide risk among this clinical population. This study aimed to explore the effects of nightmares on suicide risk among adolescents with MDD. Patients and Methods Subjects were 499 outpatients aged 12–18 in four large psychiatric hospitals clinic of China, from January 1 to October 31, 2021. Simultaneously, we matched 499 healthy controls according to gender and age. All participants underwent affective state (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and sleep variable (nightmare frequency/distress, insomnia symptoms, and daytime sleepiness) evaluation as well as MDD diagnoses and determination of suicide risk by a fully structured diagnostic clinical interview. Results Adolescents with MDD reported a higher incidence of frequent nightmares (at least one night per week) and level of nightmare distress than healthy controls (22.0% vs 6.1%; 28.85 ± 11.92 vs 17.30 ± 5.61). Over half of the patients with suicide risk (51.6%) experienced frequent nightmares compared with approximately one-third of those at a risk for suicide (30.7%). Patients with suicide risk scored scientifically higher on sleep variables, depressive and anxiety symptoms than those without the risk. Further logistic regression analysis indicated that female gender, junior grade, recurrent depressive episode, severe nightmare distress and severe depressive symptoms were independently and significantly associated with suicide risk. Conclusion Our study provided evidence that adolescents with MDD experienced a higher prevalence of frequent nightmares and suffered more nightmare distress. Nightmare distress is an independent risk factor for suicide risk.

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The Nightmare Disorder Index: development and initial validation in a sample of nurses

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program

Sleep and substance use disorder treatment: A preliminary study of subjective and objective assessment of sleep during an intensive outpatient program

Symptom dynamics among nightmare sufferers: An intensive longitudinal study

Nightmare Distress as a Risk Factor for Suicide Among Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder

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