The Next Justice

Towards high performance Cd-free CZTSe solar cells with a ZnS(O,OH) buffer layer: the influence of thiourea concentration on chemical bath deposition

“…[26] The beneficial effect of LS can be explained by the presence of acceptor like deep states in the buffer layer, buffer/absorber or buffer/window interface as widely reported in literature. [26][27][28] In dark or after only short illumination these acceptors like states are ionized by trapping electrons contributed by the donors of the n-type buffer layer, thus compensating it. A more negative space charge is created inside the buffer layer which results in a decrease in band bending and increase of the conduction band spike as illustrated in Figure 7.…”

“…This is due to the fact that negatively charged acceptor like defects have larger capture crosssection for holes than when they are neutral for electrons. [26] Since during illumination electron hole pairs are created inside of the buffer a large amount of free holes is present which can be captured and neutralize the defect. composition change or nanotexturization.…”

The Judicial Bookshelf

“…In the post-Bork era, the hearings have become, in the words of Senator Arlen Specter, 'a subtle minuet, with the nominee answering as many questions as he thinks necessary in order to be confirmed.'" 16 Accepting this rhythmic performance analogy, Eisgruber sees the dance as both "formal and highly choreographed, with the nominee knowing just how to match each move the senators make." 17 In short, successful nominees today must master the art of speaking competently throughout, yet without revealing anything of substance about their constitutional philosophy.…”