The New World screwworm fly in Libya: a review of its introduction and eradication

Lindquist, D. A.; Abusowa, M.; Hall, M. J. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.1992.tb00027.x

Cited by 137 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This has been proven in multiple instances, for example, New World Screwworm in Libya (Lindquist et al 1992, Vargas et al 1994, and various moth and fruit fly species around the world (Koyama et al 2004, Bloem et al 2005, Enkerlin 2005, Kean and Suckling 2005. This is due to some fundamental properties of sterile-release methods:…”

Section: Outbreaks/new Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sterile-Insect Methods for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: An Analysis

Alphey

Benedict

Bellini

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

474

442

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Effective vector control, and more specifically mosquito control, is a complex and difficult problem, as illustrated by the continuing prevalence (and spread) of mosquito-transmitted diseases. The sterile insect technique and similar methods control certain agricultural insect pest populations in a species-specific, environmentally sound, and effective manner; there is increased interest in applying this approach to vector control. Such an approach, like all others in use and development, is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and will be more appropriate in some situations than others. In addition, the proposed release of pest insects, and more so genetically modified pest insects, is bound to raise questions in the general public and the scientific community as to such a method's efficacy, safety, and sustainability. This article attempts to address these concerns and indicate where sterileinsect methods are likely to be useful for vector control.

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Section: Outbreaks/new Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sterile-Insect Methods for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: An Analysis

Alphey

Benedict

Bellini

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

474

442

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“…The primary mechanism of action of the vaccine on the larvae was therefore postulated to involve the antibody-mediated blockage of the pores in the PM and the subsequent starvation of the larvae (14). The larvae of the related flies Chrysomya bezziana (Old World Screwworm) and Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World Screwworm) cause a similar cutane-ous myiasis in a wider spectrum of vertebrate hosts including man (15). We have taken advantage of the ability of L. cuprina larvae to shed their type 2 PM continuously from the hind gut and our ability to culture these larvae in vitro to allow the isolation of sufficient quantities of PM for detailed study of one of the most abundant integral PM proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Major Peritrophic Membrane Protein, Peritrophin-44, from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina

Elvin

Vuocolo

Pearson

et al. 1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

172

131

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The peritrophic membrane is a semi-permeable chitinous matrix lining the gut of most insects and is thought to have important roles in the maintenance of insect gut structure, facilitation of digestion, and protection from invasion by microrganisms and parasites. Proteins are integral components of this matrix, although the structures and functions of these proteins have not been characterized in any detail. The peritrophic membrane from the larvae of the fly Lucilia cuprina, the primary agent of cutaneous myiasis in sheep, was shown to contain six major integral peritrophic membrane proteins. Two of these proteins, a 44-kDa glycoprotein (peritrophin-44) and a 48-kDa protein (peritrophin-48) together represent >70% of the total mass of the integral peritrophic membrane proteins. Peritrophin-44 was purified and its complete amino acid sequence was determined by cloning and sequencing the DNA complementary to its mRNA. The deduced amino acid sequence codes for a protein of 356 amino acids containing an amino-terminal signal sequence followed by five similar but nonidentical domains, each of approximately 70 amino acids and characterized by a specific register of 6 cysteines. One of these domains was also present in the noncatalytic regions of chitinases from Brugia malayi, Manduca sexta, and Chelonus. Peritrophin-44 has a uniform distribution throughout the larval peritrophic membrane. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of peritrophin-44 in all three larval instars but only trace levels in adult L. cuprina. The protein binds specifically to tri-N-acetyl chitotriose and reacetylated chitosan in vitro. It is concluded that the multiple cysteine-rich domains in peritrophin-44 are responsible for binding to chitin, the major constituent of peritrophic membrane. Peritrophin-44 probably has roles in the maintenance of peritrophic membrane structure and in the determination of the porosity of the peritrophic membrane. This report represents the first characterization of an insect peritrophic membrane protein.

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“…The most successful and well-known SIT project is the eradication of the New World Screwworm Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) from the USA, Central America [15,16] and (during an outbreak in 1989) Libya [17,18]. Another example is the eradication of the tsetse fly Glossina austensi Newstead from the island of Zanzibar [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of new radiation protocols for insect sterilization using long wavelength x-rays

Urquidi

Brar

Rodriguez

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Control of insect species for the protection of crops, livestock, and prevention of disease such as dengue fever and malaria is a high priority in today's global economy. Traditional methods such as pesticides have fallen out of favor because its effects are indiscriminate as well as adverse and unpredictable impacts on the environment. Modern novel techniques such as genetic modification have had trouble gaining traction due to ethics concerns and the potential for unforeseen side effects. One approach that has gained traction and has proven its efficacy is the use of ionizing radiation to affect sterility in insect species in order to scale back their population. Known as Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), it has proven very effective in eradicating certain dipteran insect populations. However, when standard sterilization methods developed for dipertans are applied to mosquito populations significant complications arise, such as an inability to compete with non-irradiated males and high mortality rates. We have investigated the effect of treatment with x-rays of different wavelengths on x-ray sterilized mosquito males. Our results have demonstrated that longer wavelength x-rays have a significant effect on the outcome of the sterile males' longevity as well as an increase on the efficacy of sterilization while employing a substantially lower dose. OVERVIEWWe have investigated the utilization of X-ray radiation to achieve sterilization for use in insect pest management programs. The denials of trans-boundary shipments of radioisotopes due to political instabilities are creating a severe constraint to sterile insect technique (SIT) programs around the world as SIT relies on the use of ionizing radiation from radioisotopes for insect sterilization. In SIT programs a large number of sterilized males are released area-wide. The sterile males compete with wild males for female insects. If a female mates with a sterile male then it will have no offspring. Ultimately, this leads to a reduction of the wild population [1]. The sexual sterility is induced with gamma radiation emitted from radioisotopes such as Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 in almost all SIT programs. The Gammacell 220, a 60 Co irradiator (MDS Nordion International Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada) has been the most commonly used irradiator and has proven extremely reliable for the purpose of sterilizing target insect pests. This technique has been used successfully for suppression, eradication, containment and prevention of many insect pests [2,3]. The use of sterile insects in area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs will continue to expand as constraints are increasing on the use of chemical pesticides in relation to the public's growing demand for a cleaner environment and residue-free food.In 2006, a serious problem arose when the production of the Gammacell 220 irradiator was discontinued. The future availability of these small scale irradiators is in doubt due to growing difficulties associated with the transboundary shipment of radioisotop...

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The New World screwworm fly in Libya: a review of its introduction and eradication

Cited by 137 publications

References 27 publications

Sterile-Insect Methods for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: An Analysis

Sterile-Insect Methods for Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: An Analysis

Characterization of a Major Peritrophic Membrane Protein, Peritrophin-44, from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina

The development of new radiation protocols for insect sterilization using long wavelength x-rays

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