The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness

Falchi, Fabio; Cinzano, P.; Duriscoe, Dan M.; Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Elvidge, Christopher D.; Baugh, Kimberly; Portnov, Boris A.; Rybnikova, Nataliya; Furgoni, R.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600377

Cited by 1,136 publications

(1,052 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In some cases, we found that terms focused mostly on what citizen scientists were not, e.g., non-credentialed, Falchi et al (2016) found that the data from "scientists known to us" (i.e., professionals, but including specifically recruited amateur astronomers) had a greater variance, bias, and number of outliers than data from "scientists unknown to us" (i.e., citizen scientists, but likely including many professional scientist contributors). We also found some terms that tended to be used for more general audiences, including ' amateur,' 'hobbyist,' 'volunteer,' 'layperson,' and 'general public.'…”

Section: 'Citizens'mentioning

confidence: 96%

Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms

Eitzel

Cappadonna

Santos-Lang

et al. 2017

CSTP

392

340

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Much can be at stake depending on the choice of words used to describe citizen science, because terminology impacts how knowledge is developed. Citizen science is a quickly evolving field that is mobilizing people's involvement in information development, social action and justice, and large-scale information gathering. Currently, a wide variety of terms and expressions are being used to refer to the concept of 'citizen science' and its practitioners. Here, we explore these terms to help provide guidance for the future growth of this field. We do this by reviewing the theoretical, historical, geopolitical, and disciplinary context of citizen science terminology; discussing what citizen science is and reviewing related terms; and providing a collection of potential terms and definitions for 'citizen science' and people participating in citizen science projects. This collection of terms was generated primarily from the broad knowledge base and on-the-ground experience of the authors, by recognizing the potential issues associated with various terms. While our examples may not be systematic or exhaustive, they are intended to be suggestive and invitational of future consideration. In our collective experience with citizen science projects, no single term is appropriate for all contexts. In a given citizen science project, we suggest that terms should be chosen carefully and their usage explained; direct communication with participants about how terminology affects them and what they would prefer to be called also should occur. We further recommend that a more systematic study of terminology trends in citizen science be conducted.

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Section: 'Citizens'mentioning

confidence: 96%

Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms

Eitzel

Cappadonna

Santos-Lang

et al. 2017

CSTP

392

340

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“…Global satellite-observed night-time lights have emerged as one of the widely used geospatial data products (Amaral et al 2005;Small, Pozzi, and Elvidge 2005;Sutton et al 2007;Bharti et al 2009;Chand et al 2009;Ghosh et al 2010;Oda and Maksyutov 2011;Witmer and O'loughlin 2011;He et al 2012;Mazor et al 2013;Min et al 2013;Falchi et al 2016). These products show the locations where artificial lighting is present and a measure of the brightness as observed from space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VIIRS night-time lights

Elvidge

Baugh

Zhizhin³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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681

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The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) collects global low-light imaging data that have significant improvements over comparable data collected for 40 years by the DMSP Operational Linescan System. One of the prominent features of DNB data is the detection of electric lighting present on the Earth's surface. Most of these lights are from human settlements. VIIRS collects source data that could be used to generate monthly and annual science grade global radiance maps of human settlements with electric lighting. There are a substantial number of steps involved in producing a product that has been cleaned to exclude background noise, solar and lunar contamination, data degraded by cloud cover, and features unrelated to electric lighting (e.g. fires, flares, volcanoes). This article describes the algorithms developed for the production of high-quality global VIIRS night-time lights. There is a broad base of science users for VIIRS night-time lights products, ranging from land-use scientists, urban geographers, ecologists, carbon modellers, astronomers, demographers, economists, and social scientists. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…The contribution of moonlight depends on several factors, like the Moon phase, the EarthMoon distance, the altitude of the Moon over the horizon, and the local atmospheric conditions, including the aerosol concentration profile, the optical density of the atmosphere, and the type, structure, fraction of sky coverage and optical properties of clouds, among other. Typical estimates set at about E m =0.27 lx the maximum moonlight illuminance at ground level (Driggers et al, 2012 Artificial skyglow (Cinzano et al, 2001;Falchi et al, 2016) is an additional brightness source contributing to the urban spectral radiance, apart from the direct artificial lights and moonlight. Our field measurements include the effects of this additional source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial skyglow in clear and moonless nights in widely populated urban areas may easily reach zenithal values in excess of L s =7.3x10 −3 cd/m 2 (Falchi et al, 2016 Note however that, from a radiometric viewpoint, there are two factors that contribute to enlarge the effective photoreceptoral field. One of them is the presence in all physiologically normal eyes of several kind of optical aberrations that contribute to enlarge the eye's optical point spread function to typical sizes of order several minutes of arc (Navarro et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-based hyperspectral analysis of the urban nightscape

Álamús

Bará

Corbera

et al. 2017

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

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Airborne hyperspectral cameras provide the basic information to estimate the energy wasted skywards by outdoor lighting systems, as well as to locate and identify their sources. However, a complete characterization of the urban light pollution levels also requires evaluating these effects from the city dwellers standpoint, e.g. the energy waste associated to the excessive illuminance on walls and pavements, light trespass, or the luminance distributions causing potential glare, to mention but a few. On the other hand, the spectral irradiance at the entrance of the human eye is the primary input to evaluate the possible health effects associated with the exposure to artificial This is an author-created, accepted version of the paper "Ground-based hyperspectral analysis of the urban nightscape" by R. We also present the preliminary results from a field campaign carried out in the downtown of Barcelona.

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The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness

Abstract: The world atlas of zenith artificial night sky brightness is modelled with VIIRS DNB data and calibrated with more than 35,000 observations.

Cited by 1,136 publications

References 38 publications

Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms

Citizen Science Terminology Matters: Exploring Key Terms

VIIRS night-time lights

Ground-based hyperspectral analysis of the urban nightscape

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