The New Statistics for Neuroscience Majors: Thinking in Effect Sizes

Calin-Jageman, Robert

doi:10.31234/osf.io/zvm9a

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The peak t -value was found in the gray matter of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus [ t (21) = 3.65, P < 0.002, d = 0.76; Figure 5 , middle upper panel], the other areas composing the cluster comprised parts of the supramarginal gyrus and the rolandic operculum. With d = 0.76 we report a close to large effect size here (Cohen, 1988 ; Calin-Jageman, 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…These analyses demonstrated that the AP group was significantly more accurate than the NAP group (see Figure 3 , Table 2 ). The test yielded a large effect size [ R 2 m = 0.69; (Cohen, 1988 ; Calin-Jageman, 2018 )]. The NAP groups showed a less homogeneous performance than the AP group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2-tailed unpaired t -test comparing mean GFP over the time window 40–80 ms between AP and NAP groups, all 3 transgression conditions collapsed (i.e., R, T sub , and T app ), yielded a significant result, with greater strength for AP ( M = 0.71 μV , SD = 0.18) than for NAP ( M = 0.49 μV , SD = 0.23) participants [ t (21) = 2.47 , P = 0.02 , d = 1.07]. With d = 1.07, the effect size is large (Cohen, 1988 ; Calin-Jageman, 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results disclosed that, in the 0–100 ms window of interest, microstate 1 principally characterized AP participants, whereas microstate 2 characterized NAP participants. Effect sizes, varying between d = 0.87 and d = 0.95 are large (Cohen, 1988 ; Calin-Jageman, 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Neuroimaging of Music Processing in Pianists With and Without True Absolute Pitch

et al. 2019

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True absolute pitch (AP), labeling of pitches with semitone precision without a reference, is classically studied using isolated tones. However, AP is acquired and has its function within complex dynamic musical contexts. Here we examined event-related brain responses and underlying cerebral sources to endings of short expressive string quartets, investigating a homogeneous population of young highly trained pianists with half of them possessing true-AP. The pieces ended regularly or contained harmonic transgressions at closure that participants appraised. Given the millisecond precision of ERP analyses, this experimental plan allowed examining whether AP alters music processing at an early perceptual, or later cognitive level, or both, and which cerebral sources underlie differences with non-AP musicians. We also investigated the impact of AP on general auditory cognition. Remarkably, harmonic transgression sensitivity did not differ between AP and non-AP participants, and differences for auditory cognition were only marginal. The key finding of this study is the involvement of a microstate peaking around 60 ms after musical closure, characterizing AP participants. Concurring sources were estimated in secondary auditory areas, comprising the planum temporale, all transgression conditions collapsed. These results suggest that AP is not a panacea to become a proficient musician, but a rare perceptual feature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrical Neuroimaging of Music Processing in Pianists With and Without True Absolute Pitch

et al. 2019

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“…if not "large" (0.8) [29], which would require 64 or 26 animals per group, respectively, in order to ensure adequate power ( Table 5). Setting the minimum effect size is not something to be fixed, and depends not only on the assay but also on the investigator's hypothesis to be tested [30].…”

Section: But the Power Of Current Fst Assays Is Adequate Isn't It?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect size, sample size and power of forced swim test assays in mice: Guidelines for investigators to optimize reproducibility

Smalheiser

Graetz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A recent flood of publications has documented serious problems in scientific reproducibility, power, and reporting of biomedical articles, yet scientists persist in their usual practices. Why? We examined a popular and important preclinical assay, the Forced Swim Test (FST) in mice used to test putative antidepressants. Whether the mice were assayed in a naïve state vs. in a model of depression or stress, and whether the mice were given test agents vs. known antidepressants regarded as positive controls, the mean effect sizes seen in the experiments were indeed extremely large (1.5 – 2.5 in Cohen’s d units); most of the experiments utilized 7-10 animals per group which did have adequate power to reliably detect effects of this magnitude. We propose that this may at least partially explain why investigators using the FST do not perceive intuitively that their experimental designs fall short -- even though proper prospective design would require ~21-26 animals per group to detect, at a minimum, large effects (0.8 in Cohen’s d units) when the true effect of a test agent is unknown. Our data provide explicit parameters and guidance for investigators seeking to carry out prospective power estimation for the FST. More generally, altering the real-life behavior of scientists in planning their experiments may require developing educational tools that allow them to actively visualize the inter-relationships among effect size, sample size, statistical power, and replicability in a direct and intuitive manner.

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When the front fails, the rear wins. Cerebellar correlates of prefrontal dysfunction in cocaine-induced memory in male rats

Guarque-Chabrera

Gil‐Miravet

Olucha-Bordonau

et al. 2022

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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The New Statistics for Neuroscience Majors: Thinking in Effect Sizes

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Electrical Neuroimaging of Music Processing in Pianists With and Without True Absolute Pitch

Electrical Neuroimaging of Music Processing in Pianists With and Without True Absolute Pitch

Effect size, sample size and power of forced swim test assays in mice: Guidelines for investigators to optimize reproducibility

When the front fails, the rear wins. Cerebellar correlates of prefrontal dysfunction in cocaine-induced memory in male rats

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