The New Runner's High? Examining Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States With Legalized Cannabis

YorkWilliams, Sophie L.; Gust, Charleen J.; Mueller, Raeghan L.; Bidwell, L. Cinnamon; Hutchison, Kent E.; Gillman, Arielle S.; Bryan, Angela D.

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00099

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cannabis use concurrently with exercise was lower in this sample than the 81.7% found in a previous report, and unlike that study we did not find a difference by sex (data not shown); however, we did corroborate the finding that younger adults tended to use cannabis before and after exercise more often than older adults (YorkWilliams et al 2019). In the previous study, the main reasons for cannabis use concurrent with exercise were enhanced performance, enjoyment, motivation, and recovery.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Historically, cannabis use in athletes has typically been studied in the framework of abuse among adolescent, university, and elite athletes (Ware et al 2018;Buckman et al 2011;Peretti-Watel et al 2003a). More recent studies have suggested that athletes are using cannabis to improve mood and enjoyment of exercise (YorkWilliams et al 2019), but patterns of use and positive and adverse effects to cannabis in adult athletes is largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age related differences in cannabis use and subjective effects in a large population-based survey of adult athletes

Zeiger¹,

Silvers

Fleegler³

et al. 2019

J Cannabis Res

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Background: There is a paucity of information regarding cannabis use behaviors in adult community-based athletes as most research in athletes has focused on misuse of cannabis in elite, adolescent, university-based athletes. We aimed to determine whether age related differences exist in patterns of cannabis use and subjective effects to cannabis in adult athletes. Methods:The Athlete PEACE Survey used mainly social media and email blasts to recruit and SurveyGizmo to collect data. Cannabis patterns of use (duration of use, frequency of use, routes of administration, cannabinoid used, concurrent use with exercise), benefits, and adverse effects were reported. Age was reported by decade from 21 to ≥60. Age trends in cannabis use patterns and subjective effects were assessed using linear trend analysis.Results: Of the 1161 participants, 301 (26%) athletes currently used cannabis. Younger athletes compared to older athletes reported significantly more positive and adverse subjective effects to cannabis, used cannabis longer, and used both tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol for medical and recreational purposes. Younger athletes used cannabis concurrently with exercise more often than older athletes and consumed edibles, vaporized, and smoked more than older athletes. Conclusions:We found age-related cannabis patterns of use and subjective effects to cannabis. Concerns about cannabis mis-use and abuse in athletes maybe overstated with the potential benefits (improved sleep, decreased anxiety, less pain) outweighing the adverse effects (increased anxiety, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age related differences in cannabis use and subjective effects in a large population-based survey of adult athletes

Zeiger¹,

Silvers

Fleegler³

et al. 2019

J Cannabis Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Research also suggests that cannabis may have positive effects on improving both self‐reported sleep quality and non‐rapid eye movement sleep (Lee et al., 2018; Mondino et al., 2019). Reviews suggested that cannabis users are more likely to engage in physical activities and experience enhanced recovery after exercise (YorkWilliams et al., 2019). There is also a possible link between cannabis use and improvement in psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression in cancer patients, but the results are inconclusive (Whiting et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among marijuana use, health‐related quality of life, exercise, depression and sleep in cancer survivors

Gilmer

Starkweather

et al. 2021

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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Aims To assess associations among cannabis use, health‐related quality of life, exercise, depression and sleep among a nationally representative sample of US adults living with cancer. Design A cross‐sectional correlational study. Methods We used survey data from the 2016–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Analyses were considered for sample weights and the complex designs. Logistic regression was performed to assess associations among cannabis use (0, 1–19, vs. 20–30 [frequent] days), health‐related quality of life (0–13 vs. ≥14 mentally or physically unhealthy days in the past 30 days; 0–13 vs. ≥14 functionally limited days), exercise, depression, and sleep after accounting for covariates. Reason for cannabis use (medical vs. non‐medical) was also assessed. Results Frequent users had significantly more physically unhealthy days (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.28–2.51, p < .01) and reported ≥ 14 mentally unhealthy days (adjusted OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.78–3.32, p < .001) and depression (adjusted OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.97–3.57, p < .001) compared with non‐users. A positive relationship between frequency of cannabis use and depression existed only among non‐medical cannabis users. Conclusion Cancer survivors using cannabis frequently (20 days+ in the past month) had poorer mental health‐related quality of life. The reason for cannabis use as well as frequency of use may be important considerations in predicting depression. Impact This is the first study that evaluates the associations among cannabis use, the purpose of cannabis use, HRQoL, exercise, depression and sleep in a nationally representative sample of US adults living with cancer. Frequent cannabis users are likely vulnerable to poorer mental health‐related quality of life and depression, and non‐medical cannabis use in frequent users was associated with depression. Given expanding medical cannabis legalization, these findings warrant further attention so that this information can be used by people living with cancer in decision‐making for symptom self‐management.

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“…Acute cannabis consumption may reduce exercise pain and thus increase endurance (Huestis et al 2011), but chronic use does not. In survey research, most people using cannabis with exercise reported reduced pain and/ or increased their enjoyment of the exercise activity (Lisano et al 2019a;YorkWilliams et al 2019;Zeiger et al 2019).…”

Section: Summary Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cannabis consumption and physical exercise performance in healthy adults: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Objective The effects of chronic cannabis consumption on physiological parameters of athletic performance are investigated to determine whether chronic cannabis consumption negatively affects athletic performance; improves performance, potentially via enhanced recovery; or has no effect at all. Methods A systematic review of the literature (cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies) concerning the effects of cannabis consumption on sports performance outcomes, e.g. VO2Max (maximal oxygen uptake), PWC (physical work capacity) up to January 2020 was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases. After screening and additional forward searching, four articles were found to fit the inclusion criteria. Results Resting heart rate was the only physiological measure that significantly differed between groups, and only in one of the four studies included herein. The strongest predictors of athletic performance (VO2Max and PWC) were not found to be significantly different between groups in any of the included studies. Chronic cannabis consumption had no significant effect on athletic performance. The included studies did not assess other elements, such as recovery or endurance. Conclusion No evidence exists for ergogenic or ergolytic effects from chronic cannabis consumption. In some sports, advantages may plausibly be conveyed by psychotropic enhancement or pain reduction. Further research (particularly longitudinal or interventional studies) is required to determine whether cannabis, or constituents thereof, may provide indirect supplemental benefits to athletes.

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The New Runner's High? Examining Relationships Between Cannabis Use and Exercise Behavior in States With Legalized Cannabis

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Age related differences in cannabis use and subjective effects in a large population-based survey of adult athletes

Age related differences in cannabis use and subjective effects in a large population-based survey of adult athletes

Associations among marijuana use, health‐related quality of life, exercise, depression and sleep in cancer survivors

Chronic cannabis consumption and physical exercise performance in healthy adults: a systematic review

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