The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies.

Baber, Zaheer; Gibbons, Michael; Limoges, Camille; Nowotny, Helga; Schwartzman, Simón; Scott, Peter; Trow, Martín

doi:10.2307/2076669

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…In this context we find support for the hypothesis that different disciplines and larger and broader knowledge base increase the chances of recombinant innovations (Baber et al 1995;Cohen and Levinthal 1990;Fernández-Ribas and Shapira 2009;Rhoten 2004;Schmickl and Kieser 2008).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…On the one hand, a multidisciplinary environment favours a greater diversity of idea generation and promotes creativity (Alves et al 2007). Due to the juxtaposition of ideas, tools, and people from different domains (Cummings 2005), multi-disciplinarity within projects enhances recombinant innovation (Baber et al 1995;Fernández-Ribas and Shapira 2009;Rhoten 2004;Schmickl and Kieser 2008). Hence, the chances that novel technological alternatives emerge increase.…”

Section: Degree Of Multi-disciplinarity Of a Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-disciplinarity breeds diversity: the influence of innovation project characteristics on diversity creation in nanotechnology

et al. 2017

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Nanotechnology is an emerging and promising field of research. Creating sufficient technological diversity among its alternatives is important for the long-term success of nanotechnologies, as well as for other emerging technologies. Diversity prevents early lock-in, facilitates recombinant innovation, increases resilience, and allows market growth. Creation of new technological alternatives usually takes place in innovation projects in which public and private partners often collaborate. Currently, there is little empirical evidence about which characteristics of innovation projects influence diversity. In this paper we study the influence of characteristics of EU-funded nanotechnology projects on the creation of technological diversity. In addition to actor diversity and the network of the project, we also include novel variables that have a plausible influence on diversity creation: the degree of multi-disciplinarity of the project and the size of the joint knowledge base of project partners. We apply topic modelling (Latent Dirichlet allocation) as a novel method to categorize technological alternatives. Using an ordinal logistic regression model, our results show that the largest contribution to diversity comes from the multidisciplinary nature of a project. The joint knowledge base of project partners and the geographical distance between them were positively associated with technological diversity creation. In contrast, the number and diversity of actors and the degree of clustering showed a negative association with technological diversity creation. These results extend current micro-level explanations of how the diversity of an emerging technology is created. The contribution of this study could also be helpful for policy makers to influence the level of diversity in a technological field, and hence to contribute to survival of emerging technologies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Degree Of Multi-disciplinarity Of a Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-disciplinarity breeds diversity: the influence of innovation project characteristics on diversity creation in nanotechnology

et al. 2017

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“…Academic engagement has affected the role of the university in knowledge production. This changing role of the university in knowledge production has been described in the literature on modes of knowledge production (Baber et al 1994) and the triple helix thesis (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 2000), which emphasize continuous interaction between industry, policy and academia. A utilization mechanism that stems from academic engagement, and that we consider relevant for USUI, is university-industry interaction (UII).…”

Section: University-industry Interactionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Exploring the motives and practices of university–start-up interaction: evidence from Route 128

Stijn

Rijnsoever

Veelen³

2017

J Technol Transf

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This paper explores the concept of university-start-up interaction (USUI) as a source of knowledge spillover and innovation. In doing so, we bring together literature on three broad mechanisms that enable knowledge utilization: education, new venture support, and university-industry interaction (UII), as we argue that USUI is a process in which all three are relevant. We first identify USUI practices and how universities and start-ups use these practices to achieve their objectives. Second, we study when the USUI process is mutually beneficial to both actor types in terms of resources. We develop a theoretical framework based on the objectives of the two actor types, the resource-based view, and three generic utilization mechanisms: education, creating new venture support, and UII. Empirically, 36 qualitative interviews were conducted with clean-tech start-ups, universities, and other experts, such as accelerators and incubator facilities in the Boston area, Massachusetts, USA, also known as ''Route 128''. After analyzing the resources exchanged during through 14 practices, we find that USUI is largely based on intangible resources. Second, the resources that universities transfer to start-ups mostly relate to organization and product development, but little to market development. Third, universities can strengthen their (entrepreneurship) education programs and knowledge utilization objectives through USUI, but there is little added value to fundamental research carried out by universities. Overall, we conclude that whether USUI is beneficial largely depends how organizations value their different objectives. Science-based start-ups are more likely to benefit from USUI, whereas start-ups close to market might be better off with other support programs. Universities with a strong focus on fundamental research benefit less from USUI than universities that are more diverse, applied, or have a strong focus on teaching and knowledge utilization. As such, our findings provide insight into the motives of USUI, which enables policy makers and universities to promote knowledge utilization through USUI.

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“…It is important to note that, in Anglo-American research contexts, "transdisciplinary" often refers to multiple academic disciplines working on the same research question parallel (we would refer to this setting as "multidisciplinary"), yet not working together (we would refer to that setting as "interdisciplinary"). Transdisciplinarity in our terminology refers to what readers socialized in the Anglo-American academia might refer to as "Mode 2"-research or post-normal science [13].…”

Section: Research Mode: Primal Transdisciplinary Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 25 this setting as "multidisciplinary"), yet not working together (we would refer to that setting as "interdisciplinary"). Transdisciplinarity in our terminology refers to what readers socialized in the Anglo-American academia might refer to as "Mode 2"-research or post-normal science [13]. Some important characteristics of transdisciplinary research are:…”

Section: Research Mode: Primal Transdisciplinary Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges and Opportunities of Energy-Flexible Factories: A Holistic Case Study of the Model Region Augsburg in Germany

Roth

Schott

Ebinger³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Economic solutions for the integration of volatile renewable electricity generation are decisive for a socially supported energy transition. So-called energy-flexible factories can adapt their electricity consumption process efficiently to power generation. These adaptions can support the system balance and counteract local network bottlenecks. Within part of the model region Augsburg, a research and demonstration area of a federal research project, the potential, obstacles, effects, and opportunities of the energy-flexible factory were considered holistically. Exemplary flexibilization measures of industrial companies were identified and modeled. Simulations were performed to analyze these measures in supply scenarios with advanced expansion of fluctuating renewable electricity generation. The simulations demonstrate that industrial energy flexibility can make a positive contribution to regional energy balancing, thus enabling the integration of more volatile renewable electricity generation. Based on these fundamentals, profiles for regional market mechanisms for energy flexibility were investigated and elaborated. The associated environmental additional expenses of the companies for the implementation of the flexibility measures were identified in a life-cycle assessment, with the result that the negative effects are mitigated by the increased share of renewable energy. Therefore, from a technical perspective, energy-flexible factories can make a significant contribution to a sustainable energy system without greater environmental impact. In terms of a holistic approach, a network of actors from science, industry, associations, and civil society organizations was established and actively collaborated in a transdisciplinary work process. Using design-thinking methods, profiles of stakeholders in the region, as well as their mutual interactions and interests, were created. This resulted in requirements for the development of suitable business models and reduced regulatory barriers.

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The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies.

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Multi-disciplinarity breeds diversity: the influence of innovation project characteristics on diversity creation in nanotechnology

Multi-disciplinarity breeds diversity: the influence of innovation project characteristics on diversity creation in nanotechnology

Exploring the motives and practices of university–start-up interaction: evidence from Route 128

The Challenges and Opportunities of Energy-Flexible Factories: A Holistic Case Study of the Model Region Augsburg in Germany

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