The New Penicillins

Klein, Jerome O.; Finland, Maxwell

doi:10.1056/nejm196311142692006

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Methicillin, a pe sistant penicillin, had almost th( values for both groups of isolate values for penicillin G and amp from <0.39 to 1.56 Ag/ml for penii tive cultures, representing 18% of and 12.5 to >200 ,Lg/ml for the re of the penicillinase-positive strair staphylococcal activity of methi from 1.56 to 6.25 Ag/ml for both I lates. These values agree with th Klein and Finland (1963), Brow] (1960), and White and Varga (196 Vancomycin and ristocetin were their antistaphylococcal activities only over a narrow range of conce strains were sensitive to 1.56 to 3 vancomycin and 6.25 to 12.5 ,ug/ml Reedy and Shaffer (1957) dI MIC values strains were likewise sensitive to 3.12 ,ug/ml mnicillinase-re-(86%76). The MIC for ristocetin was 12.5 Ag/ml for e same MIC the majority of the isolates (90%), in agreement Is.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Comparative In Vitro Activities of Lysostaphin and Other Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Harrison¹,

Cropp²

1965

Applied Microbiology

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BRUCE CROPP. Comparative in vitro activities of lysostaphin and other antistaphylococcal antibiotics on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Microbiol. 13:212-215. 1965.-The in vitro activity of lysostaphin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was determined by conventional tube-dilution methods. For comparison, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were also determined for penicillin G, ampicillin, methicillin, ristocetin, vancomycin, and erythromycin. Phage type and penicillinase and coagulase production were determined for each isolate. The MIC values for lysostaphin ranged from <0.047 to 12.5 ,g/ml; 96% of the penicillinasepositive strains were inhibited by 1.56 ,Ag/ml of lysostaphin, whereas 3.12 ,ug/ml of vancomycin and methicillin were required to attain the same degree of inhibition.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Comparative In Vitro Activities of Lysostaphin and Other Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Harrison¹,

Cropp²

1965

Applied Microbiology

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“…The main advantage of propicillin is associated with its enhanced activity over benzylpenicillin against certain gram-negative bacteria. Klein and Finland (1963) reported, however, that neither of these penicillins has any significant biological activity against penicillinase-producing staphylococci.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Activities of Lysostaphin and Penicillins Against Bacteriophage 80/81 Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Zygmunt¹,

Harrison²,

Browder³

1965

Applied Microbiology

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activities of lysostaphin and penicillins against bacteriophage 80/81 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Microbiol. 13:491-493. 1965.-Using 20 clinical isolates of S. aureus (all bacteriophage 80/81 type), we found that lysostaphin inhibits the growth of all cultures at concentrations significantly lower than those observed with any of eight penicillins, a penicillin-like compound (cephalothin), or fusidic acid (a steroid antibiotic). All test cultures were shown to be resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, and propicillin. Of the remaining penicillins (all penicillinase-insensitive), oxacillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin, and cephalothin were approximately equal in antimicrobial activity. Ancillin was slightly less active, and methicillin was even lower in potency. Cultures varied more widely in susceptibility to fusidic acid. None of the clinical isolates tested was found to be resistant to lysostaphin.

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“…17 , 24 The ability of the staphylococcus to acquire resistance to penicillin G has led to the development of penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins, such as nafcillin. 13 Although frequently used, the effects of chronic renal insufficiency and hemodialysis on nafcillin pharmacokinetics have not been reported previously. It was the purpose of this investigation to evaluate the pharmacokinetic alterations induced by renal failure and hemodialysis and to recommend dosage regimens in these settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal failure, hemodialysis, and nafcillin kinetics

Rudnick

Morrison

Walker

et al. 1976

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Nafcillin (N) pharmacokinetics was studied in 27 subjectswith and without renal failure (RF) (determined by endogenous creatinine clearance, Ccr). Elimination rate constants (K) were calculated from serial serum levels of N measured from 2 to 12 hr after a single 500-mg intramuscular injection. Only 4 of 9 hemodialysis patients had measurable levels of N at 24 hr. The K values for the groups with normal renal function,moderate RF, severe RF, and on hemodialysis were 0.477 hr(-1), 0.432 hr (1), 0.369 hr(-1), and 0.306 hr (-1), respectively...

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The New Penicillins

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Comparative In Vitro Activities of Lysostaphin and Other Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Comparative In Vitro Activities of Lysostaphin and Other Antistaphylococcal Antibiotics on Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Microbiological Activities of Lysostaphin and Penicillins Against Bacteriophage 80/81 Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Renal failure, hemodialysis, and nafcillin kinetics

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