The New Insulins--Lente, Ultralente, and Semilente

Murray, I. P. C.; Wilson, Robert B.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4844.1023

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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The initial investigation into the use of insulin-zinc suspensions in the diabetic clinic of the Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, suggested that these insulins possessed certain advantages over protamine-zinc and globin insulins (Murray and Wilson, 1953), an opinion which coincided with that of other workers in this country (Lawrence and Oakley, 1953;Nabarro and Stowers, 1953;Oakley, 1953; Venning, 1954). Since insulin zinc suspensions became generally available late in 1953 they have been widely used, and several reports based on studies extending over prolonged periods have appeared

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confidence: 86%

Further Experience with the "Lente" Insulins

Lancaster¹,

Murray²

1958

BMJ

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confidence: 86%

Further Experience with the "Lente" Insulins

Lancaster¹,

Murray²

1958

BMJ

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“…The first 'peakless' basal insulin, known as ultralente, was developed during the 1950s by employing an extended zinc suspension without protamine. 8 The commonly used intermediate acting Lente Insulin was aInsulin Zn suspension which contained 30% semilente and 70% ultralente. Lente insulin is no longer produced due to the availability of long acting insulin analogues.…”

Section: C) Production Of Insulins With Prolonged Duration Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

100 years of Insulin

Kahandawa

2021

J. Ruhunu Clin. Soc.

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D iabetes has been known for a ubiquity. The oldest known description of diabetes was mentioned in a papyrus dating from 1550 BC found in a sarcophagus in Luxor, Egypt. 1 In 600 BC, Sushruta and Charaka described a condition called "Madhumeha" (honey urine) in their Ayurvedic Medicine books. 1 The name 'Diabetes' was coined by Demetrius of Apamea, based on the Greek term 'diabainein" (siphon) which refers to symptoms of polyuria. 3 In the 1600s, by Thomas Wills added the name 'mellitus' to indicate sweet taste of urine. 2 The Discovery of InsulinBy 1912, it was known that destruction of the exocrine pancreas did not produce any glycosuria, which, instead, was manifested after the destruction of the Langerhans Islands. There were many scholars in several countries that helped to arrive in this conclusion.These prior discoveries helped scientists who we now consider as the scientists that discovered insulin; Fredrick Banting, Charles Best, James Macleod and James Collip. Surprisingly, except for Macleod none of the others had any training in endocrinology. Michel Bliss beautifully described the discovery of Insulin in his book. 3 Fredrick Banting was trained in Orthopaedics in Canadian army medical service. During the World War 1, he was severely wounded in his arm, which barely escaped amputation. After the recovery he joined general practice in Ontario which was not successful. Therefore he worked as a demonstrator in the university as a part time job.

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“…They focused on the use of very high zinc concentrations to create crystalline insulin suspensions. By varying the concentration of zinc, it was possible to create suspensions of zinc crystallized insulin with varying rates of release of insulin from the subcutaneous repository [Hallas-Moller et al, 1954;Murray and Wilson, 1953]. Ultralente insulin was particularly long acting with a duration of activity of 36-48 h. Despite the potential benefit of fewer allergic reactions, unlike NPH, Lente could not be mixed with Regular insulin [Olsson et al, 1987].…”

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confidence: 99%

Insulin: moments in history

Rendell

2008

Drug Development Research

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The isolation of insulin by Banting and Best in 1922 was a historic event of life-saving importance. Thousands of individuals doomed to die of type I diabetes were saved. The inspiring story of insulin continued to grow and evolve with the development of PZI, NPH, and lente insulins. The advent of production of human insulin from recombinant DNA brought an end to the extraction of insulin from animal pancreas. Modification of the amino acid sequences of insulin led to new forms of fast-acting insulin, such as lispro, aspart, and glulisine, and to long-acting insulins like glargine and detemir. The technology of insulin pumps advanced from large, cumbersome equipment to present-day devices no bigger than a hand calculator. The accuracy of implantable glucose sensors improved progressively, culminating in the approval of devices that will soon exert reliable feedback control of insulin pumps. Transplantation of the pancreas offers a cure for type I diabetes, and the development of islet cell transplantation continues. It is now appreciated that islet cells regenerate in the normal pancreas, and islet cell neogenesis agents have been identified and may eventually contribute to the reversal of diabetes. Drug Dev Res 69:95-100, 2008.r2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The New Insulins--Lente, Ultralente, and Semilente

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Further Experience with the "Lente" Insulins

Further Experience with the "Lente" Insulins

100 years of Insulin

Insulin: moments in history

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