The New Grove Dictionary of American Music

Rock Music in American Schools: Positions and Practices Since the 1960s

“…Meanwhile, the growth of the internet has led to the development of websites that provide current and detailed information on most popular performing artists. Recent decades have also seen the development of extensive academic resources, including reference works devoted to American music (including rock), such as The New Grove Dictionary of American Music (Sadie, 1986) and publications that address popular music recordings from throughout the world, such as World Music: The Rough Guide (Broughton, Ellingham, Muddyman and Trillo, 1994). These resources, combined with the media of CDs and videotapes, provide substantial material for American music teachers who choose to integrate rock music into their programs.…”

Exploring Improvisation in Nursing

“…We believe nursing practice and improvisation is discernable across a continuum of performance. As previously noted, a variety of characteristics have been ascribed to improvisation, ranging from nonadherence to standards (Colombo et al, 1987) to elaboration or ornamentation of standards (Sadie, 1980) to meet a specific patient need. In improvisation, a nurse may ignore existing standards, may elaborate on standards by applying them to a different situation than intended, or may ornament them by adding a layer of detail that better meets patients' needs in response to a specific situation.…”

“…In music, improvisation was described by Sadie (1980) as the creation of a musical work, or the final form of a musical work, as it is being performed. It may involve the work's immediate composition by its performers, or the elaboration or adjustment of an existing framework, or anything in between .…”

“…In musical performance, variations of the central theme are expected; otherwise the performer is not considered to have mastered the art and craft (Sadie, 1980). Such variations lend color, immediacy, and personal effect.…”

Development in the Arts: Drawing and Music

“…The kind of dissonance in atonal music is far more subtle and complex than that which is created by simply playing two adjacent notes at the same time, and the perception of dissonance in atonal music results from the context in which the interval is heard (Cazden, 1980). In addition, experience may be able to override the perception of dissonance as unpleasant: In one part of Bulgaria, singing in parallel seconds (which sounds dissonant to Western ears) is common in songs with two voices, with the lead singer remaining above the other (Sadie, 1980).…”