The New Grand Compromise: How Syrian Refugees Changed the Stakes in the Global Refugee Assistance Regime

Arar, Rawan

doi:10.1163/18763375-00903007

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…For crisis-affected states, the EU's turn to resilience-building provides an opportunity to leverage their position as refugee-hosting countries to obtain international assistance that directly benefits their own development-to the possible detriment of refugees (Arar, 2017;Kelberer, 2017;Tsourapas, 2019). Nonetheless, the refugee crisis has exacerbated long-standing structural challenges, and both countries have seen growing public discontentment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it did not establish refugee camps, but instead highlighted "the fact that Iraqi refugees lived entirely among the local population and directly affected the host community" (Kelberer, 2017, p. 158)-pressing for aid budgets to be transferred directly to the government. As will become clear, this tendency to leverage its position as a refugee-hosting state to increase access to international aid can also be observed in the current crisis (Arar, 2017;Kelberer, 2017).…”

Section: Resilience-building In Jordan and Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Under the guise of resilience: The EU approach to migration and forced displacement in Jordan and Lebanon

Anholt

Sinatti

2019

Contemporary Security Policy

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Building "resilience" to insecurity and crisis is high on the European Union (EU) agenda. EU uptake of this buzzword is especially significant with regard to migration and forced displacement. Uncertainty, however, remains about what resilience is, how it translates into practice, and what its implications are. In this article, we analyze EU humanitarian and development policies and provide empirical insight into resilience-building in Jordan and Lebanon. We show that EU resilience thinking highlights strengthening the humanitariandevelopment nexus, responsibilizing crisis-affected states, and framing refugees as an economic development opportunity for refugee-hosting states. We also find that how resilience translates into practice depends on the local context and interests of the actors involved. For the EU, resilience-building is primarily a refugee containment strategy that could jeopardize the stability of refugee-hosting states. We conclude that resilience-building in Jordan and Lebanon may ultimately threaten rather than safeguard the security of Europe. KEYWORDS Resilience; European Union; humanitarian aid; development; migration; forced displacement Almost nine years into the Syria crisis, the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) has registered over 5.6 million Syrian refugees (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2019). Although many have made the dangerous journey across the Mediterranean to reach Europe, most refugees remain in Syria's neighboring countries, notably Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. The European Union (EU) has taken up migration and displacement as key security challenges in the 2016 EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy. In particular, the EU has turned to building the

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilience-building In Jordan and Lebanonmentioning

confidence: 97%

Under the guise of resilience: The EU approach to migration and forced displacement in Jordan and Lebanon

Anholt

Sinatti

2019

Contemporary Security Policy

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“…This finding is especially important in the wake of the 2015 European refugee “crisis,” whereby European states have turned to increasingly far-fetched solutions — such as funding the establishment of migrant-processing centers in Libya — to prevent the arrival of migrants and refugees on European shores (Reidy 2017; OHCHR 2017). One tactic used across the region involves offering Middle East and North African host states increased international assistance and development funds to improve formal access to education, employment, and social services for refugees as a means of migration deterrence (Arar 2017; Lenner and Turner 2018). This approach operates under the assumption that if conditions can be improved in host countries, migrants and refugees will not have the same need to travel irregularly to Europe (ibid).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration Diplomacy and Policy Liberalization in Morocco and Turkey

Norman

2020

International Migration Review

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This article examines the 2013 migration policy liberalizations in Morocco and Turkey in order to understand whether predominantly “human rights-centric” or “diplomatic” factors influenced domestic decisions to reform migration policies. It uses original interview data collected in 2015, as well as policy documents, to examine the two reform processes and their initial consequences for migrants and refugees residing in each host state. While the academic literature on migration has focused on human rights-centric factors to understand historic migration policy reforms, Turkey and Morocco’s geopolitical and geographic positions between powerful neighbors to the north and important sending countries to the south mean that diplomatic factors are also key to understanding the incentives behind reform. This article’s findings have important implications for scholars of international migration, demonstrating that while countries like Morocco and Turkey may implement liberal and inclusive policies if there are diplomatic and economic gains to be had from doing so, such policies may have little impact on the everyday lives of individual migrants and refugees residing in these states and may be subject to reversals if such states’ geopolitical calculations change.

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“…In this way, Jordan ensures that both humanitarian and development assistance benefits its own citizens. As with previous waves of Palestinian and Iraqi refugees, several authors have noted Jordan's tendency to leverage its position as a refugee-hosting state to increase access to international aid (Arar, 2017;Kelberer, 2017;Tsourapas, 2019). Respondents did not seem to find this particularly problematic, however, justifying this strategy on the basis of Jordan's stagnant economy, high unemployment, and lack of resources.…”

Section: Jordanmentioning

confidence: 94%

Resilience in Practice: Responding to the Refugee Crisis in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon

Anholt

2020

PaG

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Little is known about how the idea of ‘resilience’ translates into practice. It has nonetheless emerged as a dominant theme in the governance of crises, such as political instability, armed conflict, terrorism, and large-scale refugee movements. This study draws on interviews with humanitarian and development practitioners in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon working under the Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan to explore how resilience is interpreted and translated on the ground. Results suggest that resilience is translated as the economic self-reliance of refugees, and the capacity for crisis management of refugee-hosting states, enacted through ‘localization’ and strengthening the ‘humanitarian-development nexus.’ The prominence of the political and economic context and the power relations between crisis response actors that it generates reveals the limits of what a buzzword like resilience can achieve on the ground. The findings highlight the need for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to engage in continuous critical reflection on whether the ways in which resilience policies and programmes are implemented actually improve the ability of systems and vulnerable populations to recover from crisis, as well as on the validity of the assumptions and interpretations on which such policies and programmes are built.

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The New Grand Compromise: How Syrian Refugees Changed the Stakes in the Global Refugee Assistance Regime

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Under the guise of resilience: The EU approach to migration and forced displacement in Jordan and Lebanon

Under the guise of resilience: The EU approach to migration and forced displacement in Jordan and Lebanon

Migration Diplomacy and Policy Liberalization in Morocco and Turkey

Resilience in Practice: Responding to the Refugee Crisis in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon

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