The new fifth-generation cephalosporins – a balance between safety and efficacy

Rusu, Aura; Lungu, Ioana-Andreea

doi:10.37897/rjphp.2020.3.2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…New-generation cephalosporins have been developed from time to time with an aim to provide better antibiotic therapy for the human population [ 31 ]. However, bacterial pathogens have gained resistance against almost all generations of cephalosporin [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Conversion of Ineffective Cephalosporins into Potent One against Resistant Clinical Uro-Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens have increased the complications of clinicians worldwide. The quest for effective antibacterial agents against resistant pathogens has prompted researchers to develop new classes of antibiotics. Unfortunately, pathogens have acted more smartly by developing resistance to even the newest class of antibiotics with time. The culture sensitivity analysis of the clinical samples revealed that pathogens are gaining resistance toward the new generations of cephalosporins at a very fast rate globally. The current study developed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that could efficiently deliver the 2nd (cefotetan-CT) and 3rd (cefixime-CX) generation cephalosporins to resistant clinical pathogens. In fact, both CT and CX were used to reduce and stabilize AuNPs by applying a one-pot synthesis approach, and their characterization was performed via spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Moreover, the synthesized AuNPs were tested against uro-pathogenic resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CT-AuNPs characteristic SPR peak was observed at 542 nm, and CX-AuNPs showed the same at 522 nm. The stability measurement showed ζ potential as −24.9 mV and −25.2 mV for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of both the AuNPs, whereas, the size by transmission electron microscopy for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs were estimated to be 45 ± 19 nm and 35 ± 17 nm, respectively. Importantly, once loaded onto AuNPs, both the cephalosporin antibiotics become extremely potent against the resistant strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae with MIC50 in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 mg/mL. The findings propose that old-generation unresponsive antibiotics could be revived into potent nano-antibiotics via AuNPs. Thus, investing efforts, intellect, time and funds for a nano-antibiotic strategy might be a better approach to overcome resistance than investing the same in the development of newer antibiotic molecule(s).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Conversion of Ineffective Cephalosporins into Potent One against Resistant Clinical Uro-Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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“…Fifth-generation cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics that belong to the cephalosporin family. They are part of the betalactam group of antibiotics and have a broad spectrum of activity against various types of bacteria (Rusu and Lungu, 2020). Fifthgeneration cephalosporins are among the newest cephalosporins, and they have been developed to address antibiotic resistance and target a wide range of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Fifth Generation Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient comparison of techniques to counter multi-drug resistant bacteria: prime modules in curation of bacterial infections

Naveed,

Waseem,

Mahkdoom

et al. 2024

Front. Antibiot.

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Multidrug-resistant organisms are bacteria that are no longer controlled or killed by specific drugs. One of two methods causes bacteria multidrug resistance (MDR); first, these bacteria may disguise multiple cell genes coding for drug resistance to a single treatment on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, increased expression of genes coding for multidrug efflux pumps, which extrude many drugs, can cause MDR. Antibiotic resistance is a big issue since some bacteria may withstand almost all antibiotics. These bacteria can cause serious sickness, making them a public health threat. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and CRE are gut bacteria that resist antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance is rising worldwide, increasing clinical and community morbidity and mortality. Superbugs have made antibiotic resistance in some environmental niches even harder to control. This study introduces new medicinal plants, gene-editing methods, nanomaterials, and bacterial vaccines that will fight MDR bacteria in the future.

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“…. This preparation showed a promising activity profile against MDR strains and the relatively rare presence of adverse events [54]. It is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and presented an 8-16 times stronger activity against MDR strains than, for example, CPM or CAZ.…”

Section: Ceftolozanementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin and Combinations of Cephalosporins with β-Lactamase Inhibitors as an Advancement in Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Viscardi,

Topola,

Sobieraj

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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In an era of increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens, the treatment options for infectious diseases are diminishing. One of the clinical groups especially vulnerable to this threat are patients who are hospitalized in intensive care units due to ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In order to prevent the exhaustion of therapeutic options for this life-threatening condition, there is an urgent need for new pharmaceuticals. Novel β-lactam antibiotics, including combinations of cephalosporins with β-lactamase inhibitors, are proposed as a solution to this escalating problem. The unique mechanism of action, distinctive to this new group of siderophore cephalosporins, can overcome multidrug resistance, which is raising high expectations. In this review, we present the summarized results of clinical trials, in vitro studies, and case studies on the therapeutic efficacy of cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and cefiderocol in the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia. We demonstrate that treatment strategies based on siderophore cephalosporins and combinations of β-lactams with β-lactamases inhibitors show comparable or higher clinical efficacy than those used with classic pharmaceuticals, like carbapenems, colistin, or tigecycline, and are often associated with a lower risk of adverse events.

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The new fifth-generation cephalosporins – a balance between safety and efficacy

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Nano-Conversion of Ineffective Cephalosporins into Potent One against Resistant Clinical Uro-Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticles

Nano-Conversion of Ineffective Cephalosporins into Potent One against Resistant Clinical Uro-Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticles

Transient comparison of techniques to counter multi-drug resistant bacteria: prime modules in curation of bacterial infections

Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin and Combinations of Cephalosporins with β-Lactamase Inhibitors as an Advancement in Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

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