Morphological mapping and ground penetrating radar (GPR) profiling were carried out in the Xagó aeolian dune field along the Asturias coast of NW Spain to reconstruct its Holocene evolution. Such data provide a much more accurate picture than can be inferred from surficial morphological studies alone. Three successive dune sequences were identified: an inner (climbing dunes), a middle (large transverse ridge and minor elongated dunes) and an outer dune field (foredune with lee-projection dunes and incipient foredune). A late Holocene sea-level fall is inferred from the relative position of the dunes together with a prograding tendency. Long intervals of stabilisation, during which each dune sequence was formed, are interspersed within the deposit. The GPR records also reveal a period of erosion in the southern middle field, which was followed by accretion. The results show that both progradational and erosional processes occurred during the Holocene evolution of the dune field, features that can be extended to other dune fields in similar settings at these latitudes. Stratigraphically, the Xagó dune field is an excellent example where internal reflectors reveal an erosion surface representing a transgressive or sea-level stillstand event that had previously remained undetected.