“…60 Yet, as critics have noted, the promotion and normalization of ARTs occurred with adoption practices increasingly being constructed as a 'last resort'. 61 Furthermore, ARTs were promoted with little attention to failure rates, including high numbers of ectopic pregnancy, natural abortion and fetal abnormalities, 62 or to financial costs, trauma, or moral and ethical concerns. 63 By the early 1990s, feminists in the global north had raised substantial critical debate over the use of medical technologies, and had outlined critiques of the dominance of science, medicine and technology within approaches to reproductive health.…”