The New Antiepileptic Drugs

LaRoche, Suzette M.; Helmers, Sandra L.

doi:10.1001/jama.291.5.605

Cited by 242 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…These have a long history of effectiveness in the treatment of neuropathic pain, dating back to case studies of the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with phenytoin in 1942 and carbamazepine in 1962 [65]. Since 1993, nine new antiepileptic drugs (felbamate, gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine, topiramate, tiagabine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine and zonisamide) have received FDA approval for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures [65,66]. In addition to providing efficacy against epilepsy, these new antiepileptic drugs may also be effective in neuropathic pain.…”

Section: Treatment Of Diabetic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and Management

et al. 2013

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Introduction: Changes in human behaviour and lifestyle over the last century have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide. Neuropathy is a common and costly complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of neuropathy is estimated to be about 8% in newly diagnosed patients and greater than 50% in patients with long-standing disease. There are two main types of diabetic neuropathies, named as sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathies. Sensorimotor neuropathy is marked by pain, paraesthesia and sensory loss, and autonomic neuropathy may contribute to myocardial infarction, malignant arrhythmia and sudden death. Methods: In this article we reviewed the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of diabetic neuropathies. Conclusion: Sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathies (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and genitourinary autonomic neuropathies) are common in diabetic patients. Apart from strict glycaemic control, no further therapeutic approach exists in the prevention of this phenomenon. Intensive diabetes therapy, intensive multifactorial cardiovascular risk reduction and lifestyle intervention are recommended in patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Gastroparesis is the most debilitating complication of gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy and genitourinary autonomic neuropathy can cause sexual dysfunction and neurogenic bladder; these conditions are hard to manage. The symptomatic treatment of sensory symptoms includes tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, gabapentin, pregabalin and opioids. Other treatment strategies are not so effective.

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Section: Treatment Of Diabetic Neuropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Neuropathies: Diagnosis and Management

et al. 2013

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“…, 221 (18), 206 (35), 191 (21), 178 (41), 166 (24), 151 (17), 109 (33), 104 (15), 90 (12), 76 (8). Anal.…”

Section: Ms (Eiunclassified

“…[11][12][13][14] These polycyclic compounds are also identified as vital structural constituents useful intermediates in organic synthesis. [15][16][17] Moreover, they exhibit diverse medical functions as antidepressant, antiviral, antiepileptic, antiseizure, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticancer, antioxidant antitumor, antibiotics and sirtuin-2 inhibitory activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friedel-Crafts chemistry. Part 40. An expedient novel synthesis of some dibenz-azepines, -azocines, 11H-benzo[f]pyrido[2,3-b]azepines and 6H-benzo[g]pyrido[2,3-c]azocines

El-Aal¹,

Khalaf²

2013

Arkivoc

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A new synthetic approach for the synthesis of novel 5H-dibenz [2,3-c]azocine derivatives is reported. The key step of this methodology is based on Friedel-Crafts ring closure of nitrogen containing carboxylic acids and alkanols in the presence of AlCl 3 , P 2 O 5 or PPA catalysts in overall high yields. The starting carboxylic acids were prepared via an unequivocal synthetic pathway by the basic hydrolysis of trimethyloxindole followed by N-arylation reactions.

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“…5 Although most people with epilepsy become seizure free with appropriate therapy, 30-40% of patients continue to have seizures despite the use of antiepileptic drugs either alone or in combination. 6 The potential importance of riluzole a glutamate antagonist in modulating brain electrical activity has been described recently. Riluzole is known to act through a novel modulatory site on the glutamate receptors, which mediate most excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%