The new Andean jumping spider genus Urupuyu and its placement within a revised classification of the Amycoida (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract

Urupuyu gen. nov. is described for three new species of small black jumping spiders from the cloud forests of Ecuador: Urupuyu antisana sp. nov. (type species), U. edwardsi sp. nov., and U. occidentale sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses with DNA sequences (28S, actin 5C, wingless, 16SND1 and CO1) indicate Urupuyu is closely related to the huriine amycoids Hurius and Scoturius, a placement also supported by morphological traits. Our phylogenetic analysis serves to clarify the relationships within the Amycoida in general, leading to our proposing a revised classification for the group, with subfamilies Gophoinae, Sitticinae, Bredinae subfam. nov., Scopocirinae, Thiodininae, Sarindinae, Huriinae, Simonellinae, and Amycinae. We confirm the marpissine-like Breda belongs within the Amycoida. The phylogeny implies that ant mimicry has evolved at least twice (simonellines and sarindines) and probably a third time (Atomosphyrus in the thiodinines) within the Amycoida. The following new synonymies are proposed for suprageneric names: Hyetusseae Simon, 1903 and Arachnomureae Mello-Leitão, 1917 = Thiodininae Simon, 1901; Zunigeae Simon, 1901 = Sarindinae Simon, 1901; Synemosynae Banks, 1892 = Simonellinae Peckham, Peckham & Wheeler, 1888; Magoninae Petrunkevitch, 1928 = Amycinae F.O.P.-Cambridge, 1900.

A genome-wide phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae), using anchored hybrid enrichment

“…Major clades corroborated within the Salticinae are the Salticoida ( sensu Maddison 2015), Saltafresia, Simonida, Amycoida, and Marpissoida (here: Leikung , Tisaniba , Phidippus , Sassacus ). Other clades consistent with the previous results of Maddison et al (2014, 8 genes, salticid-wide) and Ruiz and Maddison (2015, 5 genes, within the Amycoida) are indicated with semicircles on Fig. 1.…”

“…This first genome-wide analysis of salticids resolves the group’s phylogeny with greater confidence than previous studies, confirming and extending those results based on far fewer genes (Maddison et al 2014; Ruiz and Maddison 2015; Maddison 2015). The results corroborate the monophyly of the Salticinae, a major clade with more than 90% of described salticid species, including most familiar species.…”

“…Numbers indicate percentage of likelihood bootstrap replicates showing the clade. Half circle indicates clades supported also in the results of Maddison et al (2014) or, for the Amycoida, of Ruiz and Maddison (2015). Letters u, p, a, and s indicate clades that fail to appear in the analyses by unpartitioned likelihood, parsimony, ASTRAL and SVDQuartets respectively.…”

Descriptions of three new species of jumping-spiders, genus Arnoliseus (Araneae, Salticidae), from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, with comments on their genital morphology and a key to species

“…Maddison (2015) placed Arnoliseus in the tribe Amycini of the clade Amycoida, based on his comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Salticidae. Later the same year, Ruiz and Maddison (2015) placed Arnoliseus in the subfamily Amycinae, also in the Amycoida. In Ruiz and Maddison's paper, a detailed molecular phylogeny of the Amycoida was presented, and several putative morphological synapomorphies for some of the included clades were proposed.…”

First record of the genus Tanybelus (Salticidae: Salticinae: Sarindini) from Colombia

“…Subsequently to the description, Galiano (1963) made the redescription of the species and designated lectotypes. Currently, the genus Tanybelus is nested in the tribe Sarindini, in the Amycoida clade (Maddison 2015, Ruiz andMaddison 2015).…”