The neuroscience of respect: insights from cross-cultural perspectives

Abstract

Cultural values such as respect influence cognition, emotion, and behavior by modulating brain functioning. This mini-review discusses the cultural differences of respect as an essential human value, and the neural underpinnings accompanying them. Although neuroscientific studies are limited, we outline potential brain structures and networks that contribute to respect and use clinical examples to illustrate how behavior changes when these neural systems fail. A better understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of respect and its neural manifestations across cultures will help to advance current conceptualizations of the biology of human values.

East Asian perspective of responsible research and innovation in neurotechnology

“…The importance of considering cultural diversity in non-Western countries and regions, including Asia, has often been noted in discussions on further development of neuroethics ( Global Neuroethics Summit Delegates et al, 2018 ; Emerging Issues Task Force, International Neuroethics Society, 2019 ), but there have been limited discussions and studies addressing specific cultural characteristics in this field ( Fukushi et al, 2017 , Sakura, 2012 , Wang et al, 2019 , Wu and Fukushi, 2012 ). On the other hand, there are studies using cognitive neuroscience and cultural psychology methodologies to elucidate cultural differences in neural mechanisms related to ethics and values (for example, Yang et al 2019 , also see Khalaila et al 2023 ; Kitayama and Park, 2010 ). In light of such situation, the IEEE Brain Neuroethics designs their activity under the theme of "Ethical, Legal, Social, and Cultural Implications of Neurotechnology," which emphasizes the consideration of cultural differences and diversity ( https://brain.ieee.org/publications/neuroethics-framework/addressing-the-ethical-legal-social-cultural-implications-of-neurotechnology/ ).…”