The Neuropsychiatry of Dissociative Identity Disorder: Why many DID Patients Switch Personalities and Forget about the Previous Personality while under the Influence of one Personality?

Rutkofsky, Ian H; Khan, Anser S; Sahito, Sindhu; Aqeel, Noorulain; Tohid, Hassaan

doi:10.4172/2157-7013.1000267

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Traumatic stress exposure in children is known to have an effect on the process of regulating emotions that are played by the amygdala and long-term memory regulated by the hippocampus [30]. The further effects of amygdala and hippocampus reduction in DID patients affect biochemical responses to the limbic system [31]. The biochemical response to the brain that plays a role in stress response is glutamate secretion that affects neuronal circuits in the cortico-limbic resulting in reduced plasticity in neurons in patients with DID [31].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The further effects of amygdala and hippocampus reduction in DID patients affect biochemical responses to the limbic system [31]. The biochemical response to the brain that plays a role in stress response is glutamate secretion that affects neuronal circuits in the cortico-limbic resulting in reduced plasticity in neurons in patients with DID [31].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Literature Review

Utomo

Adnan

Susanti

2023

Arch. Psychiatry Res.

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Interest in dissociative identity disorder (DID) in psychiatry has increased rapidly although epidemiologically the cases of patients with DID are still rare, several studies exist trying to understand how DID might occur and the best therapeutic approach. Some of the symptoms of DID can also be found in non-clinical populations even though they are not directly related to the disorder. The findings of DID are often associated with other psychiatric disorders and can complicate the diagnosis. Various studies have tried to understand the case of DID either objectively or subjectively. Diagnosis of DID must be diagnosed by carefully experienced clinicians with clinical interviews with some proper tests that could help to identify various identities. Current DID therapy may be able to strengthen the identity of the patient’s control and prevent impaired social functioning of the patient. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been developed to improve symptoms of the disorder, but none of them have been effective due to the quality of the studies conducted. Further research is still needed on DID as a whole to assist in the correct diagnosis and therapy for DID patients.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathophysiology Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Literature Review

Utomo

Adnan

Susanti

2023

Arch. Psychiatry Res.

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“…The channel blocking leads to decreasing of the opening frequency and later on to the inhibition of the inhibitory interneurons which leads to an increased excitation (Sattar et al, 2018). Studies suggest that ketamine aggravates the symptoms of acute stress disorder with strong symptoms of dissociation, flashbacks and avoidant behavior as during exposure to stress, glutamate is released in the cortico-limbic system and may lead to neurotoxicity and behavioral changes with transient dissociation (Rutkofsky et al, 2017). However, studies on humans have shown that an essential amino acid, namely methionine, might play a role in the psychiatric manifestation as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nile Crocodile Nesting Ecology Under Varying Human Disturbance Intensities Along Lower River Tana, Kenya

Mosse,

Kibue,

Odadi

2023

CTNS

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The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus, Laurenti, 1768) supports important ecological and socio-economic functions; however, its survival in most of its ranges in Africa continues to be threatened by anthropogenic activities. Here, we compared selected attributes of Nile crocodile nests (abundance, clutch size, distance from water, and presence or absence of eggs, tending and predation) across three human disturbance regimes (low, intermediate and high), indexed by coverage of cropland and settlement, along lower River Tana, Kenya. We conducted a crocodile nest survey in January 2019 and overlaid the resultant data on the most recent land cover map of a 1-km wide strip on both sides of the river, segmented into the different disturbance regimes using remote sensing and geographical information system techniques. The low, intermediate and high disturbance regimes comprised combined cropland and settlement coverage of 2%, 9% and 15%, respectively, and covered 28%, 27% and 47% of the surveyed river segment. We counted a total of 99 nests, with 45, 34 and 20 nests located in low, intermediate and high disturbance regimes, respectively. Nests were 56% less frequent than expected under high disturbance, whereas they were 69% more frequent than expected under low disturbance and showed expected frequency under intermediate disturbance. In addition, nests were 56% and 41% less frequent under high disturbance compared to low and intermediate disturbance, respectively. However, nest abundance was statistically similar between the latter two regimes. No significant differences were observed in other assessed attributes across disturbance regimes. Our study underscores the importance of minimizing land conversion in such human-dominated landscapes for enhanced sustainable utilization and conservation of crocodiles.

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