The Neuroprotective Mechanism of Low-Frequency rTMS on Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons of Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice

Abstract

Background. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in elder people, pathophysiologic basis of which is the severe deficiency of dopamine in the striatum. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of low-frequency rTMS on Parkinson's disease in model mice. Methods. The effects of low-frequency rTMS on the motor function, cortex excitability, neurochemistry, and neurohistopathology of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice were investigated through behavioral detection, electrophysiologic technique, high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot. Results. Low-frequency rTMS could improve the motor coordination impairment of Parkinson's disease mice: the resting motor threshold significantly decreased in the Parkinson's disease mice; the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neuron and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase were significantly improved by low-frequency rTMS; moreover, the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor were also improved by low-frequency rTMS. Conclusions. Low-frequency rTMS had a neuroprotective effect on the nigral dopaminergic neuron which might be due to the improved expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The present study provided a theoretical basis for the application of low-frequency rTMS in the clinical treatment and recovery of Parkinson's disease.

Combination of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Enhances Neurological Recovery of 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinsonian’s Disease

“…While anti-inflammatory activity via paracrine factors appears to be a key to the therapeutic benefits of MSCs [74,75], the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of rTMS remain unclear. The safety and efficacy of long-term rTMS was demonstrated in a number of experimental models and clinical studies for PD [76][77][78][79][80][81]. The present study revealed that rTMS and transplanted hMSCs modulated various neurotrophic growth factors, and that BDNF, GDNF, NGF, NGF and PDGF-AA expression levels were increased by the rTMS and hMSC treatments in PD rats.…”

Asiatic acid attenuated apoptotic and inflammatory stress in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice

“…It is reported that the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neuron is due to the lack of trophic support. 29 So far, the importance of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and GDNF upon PD progression has attracted more attention. 30 Besides the trophic role, BDNF and GDNF are potent promoters responsible for neuronal survival in the central nervous system.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Low-Intensity Magnetic Field Stimulation in 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease: From Inflammation to Motor Function

“…These structures render the plasma membrane and the mechanically sensitive ion channels present in them highly susceptible to external MF which alters the permeability of membranes and ion channels, thereby modulating the secretion and synthesis of various neurotransmitters and metabolites. 36,37 A greater sparing of dopaminergic terminals after MF exposure (31%) as compared to PD was observed. This could be because of the reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, or release of neurotrophic factors.…”