The Neurophysiology of Dyslexia: A Selective Review with Implications for Neurofeedback Remediation and Results of Treatment in Twelve Consecutive Patients

Walker, Jonathan E.; Norman, Charles

doi:10.1300/j184v10n01_04

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Arns, Peters, Breteler, and Verhoeven [14] reported a significant increase of slow-wave activity (delta and theta) in the frontal and temporal regions in children with dyslexia. Rippon and Brunswick [15] referred to increased level of theta waves in frontal during a phonological processing task compared to normal as well as the lack of increased beta wave in temporal lobe during reading with difficult levels in dyslexic group compared to normal individuals was reported by Norman and Walker [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…One month after completion of intervention, these variables were measured again in follow-up (phase A). [14][15][16]. Each session included 2 minutes baseline and the first 15 minutes of training to increase the beta at T3 then 2 minutes baseline and 15 minutes of training to reduce the delta and theta at F7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on 12 children with dyslexia has proved that this method improves comprehension and speed reading, while the use of neurofeedback training by Breteler et al [26] on dyslexic children showed no improvement in reading ability [16]. Due to inconclusive results of research in this field and the insufficiency of common treatments for dyslexia, more research is required in this field to find better treatments for this group of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Reading and Spelling Skills of 8 to 12 Years Old Children With Dyslexia

et al. 2017

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Introduction: Progress in understanding dyslexia has led to the discovery of abnormal brain waves in the areas related to reading skill. It seems that improving the function of these areas by regulating their waves is helpful for reading process. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback training (NFT) in improving children's reading difficulties. Material and Methods:This was a single-subject experiment with A-B-A design. Four dyslexic boys (age range 8-12 years) received twenty 30-minute sessions of NFT three times a week to reduce their theta and delta waves at F7 and increase their beta wave at T3. Their accuracy, speed, reading comprehension, and spelling skill were assessed using Name reading test before, during, and one month after treatment. Data analysis was done by reliable change index, mean percentage improvement, and effect size. Also results were displayed by graphs. Results:The results showed clinically significant improvement regarding the accuracy and comprehension reading as well as spelling after NFT. Reliable changes (P<0.05) and the effect size above the effective surface (Cohen's d>2.87) refer to significant improvement of these skills. However speed reading increased in two subjects, but the effect size for the first and second participant was negative (Cohen's d<0). Conclusion:The results suggest that 20 sessions of NFT improves the spelling, accuracy, and comprehension reading. It seems that the increased attention (due to the reduction of theta and delta waves) and performance tuning at T3 was effective in improving these skills. However, increase in speed reading may require more sessions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Reading and Spelling Skills of 8 to 12 Years Old Children With Dyslexia

et al. 2017

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“…Výsledky testů čtení více odpovídají závěrům nekontrolovaných studií aplikujících EEG biofeedback u dětí s dyslexií, které dokládaly pokroky ve čtenářské úrovni dětí (Thornton & Carmody, 2005;Walker & Norman, 2006). V kontrolované studii upozorňují na podobné zlepšení i v kontrolní skupině a zdůrazňují podíl reedukační péče na zlepšení čtenářských dovedností dětí (Breteler et al, 2010).…”

Section: Diskuseunclassified

“…Je zřejmé, že bez srovnání výsledků s kontrolní skupinou nelze činit zcela podložené závěry o účinnosti metody. Na druhou stranu nekontrolované studie se stejným zaměřením nejsou vý-jimkou a přinášejí hodnotné informace (Thornton & Carmody, 2005;Walker & Norman, 2006). 2.…”

Section: Diskuseunclassified

The Use of EEG Biofeedback For Treating Specific Learning Difficulties in Children of Middle School Age

Zdražilová¹

2017

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Improvements in Spelling after QEEG-based Neurofeedback in Dyslexia: A Randomized Controlled Treatment Study

Breteler

Arns

Peters

et al. 2009

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Phonological theories of dyslexia assume a specific deficit in representation, storage and recall of phonemes. Various brain imaging techniques, including qEEG, point to the importance of a range of areas, predominantly the left hemispheric temporal areas. This study attempted to reduce reading and spelling deficits in children who are dyslexic by means of neurofeedback training based on neurophysiological differences between the participants and gender and age matched controls. Nineteen children were randomized into an experimental group receiving qEEG based neurofeedback (n = 10) and a control group (n = 9). Both groups also received remedial teaching. The experimental group improved considerably in spelling (Cohen’s d = 3). No improvement was found in reading. An indepth study of the changes in the qEEG power and coherence protocols evidenced no fronto-central changes, which is in line with the absence of reading improvements. A significant increase of alpha coherence was found, which may be an indication that attentional processes account for the improvement in spelling. Consideration of subtypes of dyslexia may refine the results of future studies.

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The Neurophysiology of Dyslexia: A Selective Review with Implications for Neurofeedback Remediation and Results of Treatment in Twelve Consecutive Patients

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Reading and Spelling Skills of 8 to 12 Years Old Children With Dyslexia

Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training on Reading and Spelling Skills of 8 to 12 Years Old Children With Dyslexia

The Use of EEG Biofeedback For Treating Specific Learning Difficulties in Children of Middle School Age

Improvements in Spelling after QEEG-based Neurofeedback in Dyslexia: A Randomized Controlled Treatment Study

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