The Neurophysiology of Caffeine as a Central Nervous System Stimulant and the Resultant Effects on Cognitive Function

Zhu, Lawrence; Musch, Brian; Briceno, Sean; Andel, Ross; Sadeq, Nasreen A.; Ansari, Ali Z

doi:10.7759/cureus.15032

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…At the same time, caffeine affects the cognitive function as it has three important mechanisms of action that have a psychostimulant effect on the central nervous system ( 10 ). Caffeine indirectly affects the release of neurotransmitters as it can act as a competitive antagonist against the depressant effects of adenosine ( 11 ). When this system is affected, mood, memory, alertness, cognitive function, and balance system are also affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Enhances the Balance System and Postural Balance in Short Time in Healthy Individuals

Çıldır¹,

Altın²,

Aksoy³

2021

TAO

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of caffeine on balance function by determining the extent to which caffeine consumption affects postural sway and balance control in healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty healthy participants aged 20–35 years without any vestibular disorder were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, and those in Group 1 were given two cups of regular coffee (300–350 mg) while those in Group 2 were given two cups of decaffeinated coffee. The sensory organization test, the head shake sensory organization test, the limits of stability test, and the adaptation test were performed on all participants before and after coffee intake using computerized dynamic posturography. Results: The sensory organization test composite scores (p=0.001) and the head shake condition 5 (C5) equilibrium scores (p=0.001) of the participants in Group 1 showed a statistically significant increase after coffee intake while the composite scores (p=0.001) and the head shake condition (C5) equilibrium scores (p=0.001) of those in Group 2 showed a statistically significant decrease. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the equilibrium scores in the pitch plane (p=0.001), the yaw plane (p=0.001), and the roll plane (p=0.001) of C5 after coffee intake. Conclusion: Consumption of an appropriate dose of caffeine may enhance body position, postural stability, and voluntary motor control ability. The combined use of the sensory organization test, the head shake sensory organization test, the adaptation test, and the limits of stability test in evaluating the balance mechanism in individuals with normal vestibular findings provides detailed information about postural sway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Enhances the Balance System and Postural Balance in Short Time in Healthy Individuals

Çıldır¹,

Altın²,

Aksoy³

2021

TAO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previous studies have shown that supplementation with caffeine ( 38 ), the combination of caffeine and taurine ( 34 ), caffeine and L-theanine ( 39 ), tyrosine ( 40 ), and mango leaves extract ( 41 ) can improve the RT in different cognitive and computerized tests. In this study, we showed that a dietary multi-ingredient nootropic improves the processing speed of information in young healthy adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effect of a Dietary Multi-Ingredient Nootropic as a Cognitive Enhancer in Young Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

et al. 2022

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AimTo study the acute effect of a dietary multi-ingredient nootropic on cognitive performance in young healthy adults. We also analyzed the influence of the dietary multi-ingredient nootropic on emotional state, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsThis is a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. In total, 26 young healthy adults (50% women; 24.9 ± 3.3 years old) ingested 10 g of a dietary multi-ingredient nootropic [Evo-Gamers®; Harrison Sport Nutrition (HSN), Granada, Spain] or placebo (maltodextrin) in a randomized order (clinicaltrials.gov No. NCT04790188). After 30 min of the ingestion, participants performed a battery of cognitive performance tests to measure the processing speed, inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, creativity, and verbal fluency. The emotional status was assessed through questionnaires, and HR and HRV were measured using a heart rate monitor.ResultsIn comparison with placebo, the acute ingestion of the nootropic showed a significantly better response time in several cognitive tests (i.e., processing speed, inhibitory control, spatial working memory, and cognitive flexibility, all P < 0.05 and effect size range of 0.4–0.6). It also displayed a higher accuracy in the processing speed, the inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility tests (all P < 0.05; effect size ranged from 0.4 to 0.6). Furthermore, the nootropic showed a higher creativity and positive emotions and lower sadness-depression emotions, whereas HR and HRV remained similar between placebo vs. nootropic conditions. However, there were no differences between the nootropic and placebo in verbal fluency, motivation, or anxiety (all P > 0.05).ConclusionAn acute ingestion of a dietary multi-ingredient nootropic enhances cognitive performance in comparison with placebo without negatively influencing HR or HRV in young healthy adults.

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“…A particularity of caffeine compared to other nutritive principles is the negligible pre-systemic metabolism which occurs in the liver, resulting in high absorption rates [ 6 ]. In addition, being a hydrophobic molecule, caffeine easily crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reaches the central nervous system (CNS), where it is also found in high concentrations [ 7 ]. At the CNS level, the substance exerts its neuro-stimulating action, increasing the degree of alertness and reducing fatigue, leading to better performance in psychomotor tasks requiring fast reactions [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Caffeine on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—Protective or Risk Factor?

Schreiner

Popescu

2022

Life

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common dementia worldwide, remains without an effective treatment to this day despite intensive research conducted during the last decades. In this context, researchers have turned their attention towards the prevention of this pathology, focusing on early detection and better control of the most important risk factors, concomitantly with trying to find potentially protective factors that may delay the onset of AD. From the multitude of factors studied, coffee (especially its main component, caffeine) is a current interesting research topic, taking into consideration the contradictory results of recent years’ studies. On the one hand, much of the evidence from fundamental research suggests the potentially protective trait of caffeine in AD, while other data mainly from human studies lean toward no correlation or even suggesting that caffeine is a veritable risk factor for dementia. Given the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, this review aims to bring new evidence regarding this topic and to try to clearly establish a correlation between the two entities. Thus, in the first part, the authors make a clear distinction between the effects of coffee and the effects of caffeine in AD, presenting a rich basis of clinical trials on both animal models and the human subject. Subsequently, the main pathophysiological mechanisms that would explain the action of caffeine in the etiopathogenesis of AD are reviewed. Finally, the role of computational models is presented, having beneficial impact on both better understanding of the disease mechanism and the development of new therapeutic approaches for AD prevention.

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The Neurophysiology of Caffeine as a Central Nervous System Stimulant and the Resultant Effects on Cognitive Function

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Caffeine Enhances the Balance System and Postural Balance in Short Time in Healthy Individuals

Caffeine Enhances the Balance System and Postural Balance in Short Time in Healthy Individuals

Acute Effect of a Dietary Multi-Ingredient Nootropic as a Cognitive Enhancer in Young Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Impact of Caffeine on Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—Protective or Risk Factor?

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