The neuropharmacology of various diazepam antagonists

Boast, Carl A.; Bernard, Patrick S.; Barbaz, B. S.; Bergen, K.M.

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(83)90120-x

Cited by 83 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil reveals an anxiogenic effect at high doses in animal studies (Haefely, 1988;Lee and Rodgers, 1991) and in clinical trials (Nutt et al, 1990;Price et al, 1995). However, flumazenil generally has no marked effect at comparatively low doses, but reverses the effects of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (Boast et al, 1983). The present experiment not only confirmed the antagonistic interaction between diazepam and flumazenil, but also demonstrated that flumazenil completely reversed the anxiolytic effect of SK and SS.…”

Section: Anxiolytic Effect Of Sho-ju-sen 145supporting

confidence: 84%

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice

Kuribara¹,

Iwata²,

Tomioka³

et al. 2001

Phytotherapy Research

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Sho-ju-sen (SK), a Japanese herbal medicine with a nourishing tonic action, is composed of a water extract of Kumazasa leaves (Sasa kurinensis Makino et Sibata) (SS), and ethanol extracts of Japanese red pine needles (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc) (PN) and Ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (PX) in the ratio 8:1:1. In this study, an elevated plus-maze test in mice was carried out to assess whether SK had an anxiolytic effect. No significant change was observed in either the plus-maze or activity test following a single administration of SK (10 and 20 mL/kg p.o.). However, mice allowed a free intake of SK (10% solution) for 5 days and longer showed a significant prolongation of the time spent in the open arms (an anxiolytic effect), as long as that caused by the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1 mg/kg p.o.). SK (1%, 3% and 30% solutions for 7 days) tended to develop the anxiolytic effect. Of the constituents of SK, SS (8% solution), but not PN (1% solution) or PX (1% solution), resulted in the anxiolytic effect. Except for a slight acceleration in the motor activity by PN (1% solution), no significant change in the motor activity was produced by any treatment with SK, SS or PX. The combined treatment of SK (10% solution) or SS (8% solution) with 1 mg/kg diazepam enhanced the anxiolytic effect. Flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, alone did not change the time spent in the open arms. However, it completely reversed the anxiolytic effect of SK, SS and diazepam. The present results suggest that: (1) long-term treatment with SK develops an anxiolytic effect, (2) SS is the main constituent for the anxiolytic effect of SK, and (3) benzodiazepine receptors are involved in the anxiolytic effect of SK and SS.

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Section: Anxiolytic Effect Of Sho-ju-sen 145supporting

confidence: 84%

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice

Kuribara¹,

Iwata²,

Tomioka³

et al. 2001

Phytotherapy Research

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“…This contrasts with other data showing that such reversal can be achieved with stimulants; for example, amphetamine and caffeine may reduce the cognitive effects of scopolamine in man (Mewaldt and Ghoneim 1979;File et al 1982). There is also evidence that a wide range of compounds are capable of attenuating the effects of benzodiazepines, with varying degrees of psychological specificity (Boast et al 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Scopolamine and benzodiazepine models of dementia: cross-reversals by Ro 15-1788 and physostigmine

et al. 1989

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The muscarinic antagonist scopolamine and the benzodiazepine lorazepam both produce transient impairments in memory and attention in normal volunteers. These impairments can be reversed by appropriate agents such as the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in the case of scopolamine or the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in the case of lorazepam. In this paper we investigated the pharmacological specificity of these reversals by examining the interactions of scopolamine and Ro 15-1788 and of lorazepam and physostigmine. There was no evidence that the effects of scopolamine and lorazepam on cognitive function could be attenuated by Ro 15-1788 and physostigmine, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of pharmacological models of Alzheimer's disease.

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“…Numerous experimental data point to the interaction between the methylxanthine derivatives and antiepileptic drugs. Specifically, theophylline diminished diazepam protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures (Boast et al, 1983;Polc et al, 1981) and aminophylline decreased the anticonvulsant activity of various antiepileptic drugs against electroconvulsions. This aminophylline action was shared also by caffeine (for review see .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aminophylline and 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline on the anticonvulsive action of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and valproate against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice

Borowicz

Kozicka

Kleinrok

et al. 1993

J. Neural Transmission

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Aminophylline (theophylline2.ethylenediamine) in the dose of 12.5 mg/kg (i.p.) was ineffective upon all antiepileptic drugs studied and at the higher dose of 25 mg/kg, impaired the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice. The protection offered by diphenylhydantoin was diminished by aminophylline at 50 mg/kg (0.238 mmol of anhydrous theophylline/kg). In contrast, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (a theophylline derivative unable to cross the blood-brain barrier) in the dose of 80 mg/kg (0.238 mmol/kg) did not influence the protective activity of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and valproate. It might be concluded that the aminophylline-induced impairment of the anticonvulsant action of common antiepileptic drugs results from the central effects of this methylxanthine.

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The neuropharmacology of various diazepam antagonists

Cited by 83 publications

References 61 publications

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice

Scopolamine and benzodiazepine models of dementia: cross-reversals by Ro 15-1788 and physostigmine

Influence of aminophylline and 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline on the anticonvulsive action of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and valproate against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice

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The neuropharmacology of various diazepam antagonists

Cited by 83 publications

References 61 publications

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated ­plus‐maze test in mice

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated ­plus‐maze test in mice

Scopolamine and benzodiazepine models of dementia: cross-reversals by Ro 15-1788 and physostigmine

Influence of aminophylline and 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline on the anticonvulsive action of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital, and valproate against maximal electroshock-induced convulsions in mice

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The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice

The anxiolytic effect of Sho‐ju‐sen, a Japanese herbal medicine, assessed by an elevated plus‐maze test in mice