The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury

McKee, Ann C.; Daneshvar, Daniel H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52892-6.00004-0

Cited by 580 publications

(511 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…The impact of trauma causes mechanical forces that engender deformation of the brain tissue, resulting in immediate neural damage, called primary injury [40]. This primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades, together with metabolic and cellular changes, occurring within seconds to minutes after the trauma and lasting for days, months or years [40]. The ongoing brain damage characteristic of secondary injury culminates in notable cell death [24,40,41].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, brain edema may occur and result in increased ICP and decreased cerebral perfusion [37]. In fact, compensatory mechanisms are exceeded as brain volume increases due to edema, and ICP rises exponentially and correlates with increased mortality and poor functional outcomes [20,[38][39][40]. The impact of trauma causes mechanical forces that engender deformation of the brain tissue, resulting in immediate neural damage, called primary injury [40].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, compensatory mechanisms are exceeded as brain volume increases due to edema, and ICP rises exponentially and correlates with increased mortality and poor functional outcomes [20,[38][39][40]. The impact of trauma causes mechanical forces that engender deformation of the brain tissue, resulting in immediate neural damage, called primary injury [40]. This primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades, together with metabolic and cellular changes, occurring within seconds to minutes after the trauma and lasting for days, months or years [40].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic Penumbra: Opportunities for Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Processes

Regner¹,

Meirelles²,

Simon³

2018

Traumatic Brain Injury - Pathobiology, Advanced Diagnostics and Acute Management

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology of TBI is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. At the moment of the traumatic impact, transfer of kinetic forces causes neurologic damage; this primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades, together with metabolic and cellular changes, called secondary neural injury. These areas of ongoing secondary injury, or areas of "traumatic penumbra," represent crucial targets for therapeutic interventions. This chapter is focused on the interplay between progression of parenchymal injury and the neuroprotective and neurorestorative processes that are emerging and developing subsequently to traumatic impact. Thus, we emphasized the role of traumatic penumbra in TBI pathogenesis and suggested a crucial contribution of the neurovascular units (NVUs) and paracrine effects of exosomes and miRNAs in promoting neurological recovery.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Neural Injury In the Traumatic Penumbramentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Traumatic Penumbra: Opportunities for Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Processes

Regner¹,

Meirelles²,

Simon³

2018

Traumatic Brain Injury - Pathobiology, Advanced Diagnostics and Acute Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of all the traumatic death one third to one-half are due to head injury. 2 Of those who survive, the majority are left with important disabilities, including 3% in a persistent vegetative state. Only about 30% make a good recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only about 30% make a good recovery. 2 More than 50% of all cases of death encountered at forensic autopsy are associated with primary or secondary involvement of the Nervous System, especially of the brain. 3 The importance of TBI as a public health problem cannot be overstated, and the forensic pathologists play a major role in identifying the specific brain injuries resulting from each circumstance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Autopsy Study of Pattern of Fatal Cranio-Cerebral Injuries Due to Blunt Force Trauma at Medicolegal Centre of A Tertiary Healthcare Centre

Chourasia¹

2017

JMSCR

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Exploration of Cognitive Outcomes and Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Shared by Couples

Yang

Bae

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCEAlthough couples could share many risk factors of cognitive disorders in their lifetime, whether shared risk factors mediate the shared risk of cognitive disorders has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors of cognitive decline shared within couples and investigate their mediating roles in the shared risk of cognitive disorders and cognitive functions within couples. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective cohort study was launched in November 1, 2010, and 784 participants were followed up every 2 years until December 31, 2020. This nationwide, multicenter, community-based study included older couples from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD) and a cohort of their spouses (KLOSCAD-S).EXPOSURES The cognitive disorder of a spouse was defined as mild cognitive impairment or dementia. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe mediating roles of factors shared within couples on the association between one spouse's cognitive disorder and the other's risk of cognitive disorders was examined with structural equation modeling. RESULTSIncluded were 784 KLOSCAD participants (307 women [39.2%] and 477 men [60.8%]; mean [SD] age, 74.8 [4.8] years) and their spouses (477 women [60.8%] and 307 men [39.2%]; mean [SD] age, 73.6 [6.2] years). The cognitive disorder of the KLOSCAD participants was associatedwith almost double the risk of cognitive disorder of their spouses in the KLOSCAD-S cohort (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12-2.69; P = .01). History of head injury (β = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.09-0.90; P = .02) and age (β = 2.57; 95% CI, 1.37-3.76; P < .001) mediated the association between cognitive disorder in the KLOSCAD participants and their spouses' risk of cognitive disorder. Physical inactivity mediated the association through major depressive disorder (β = 0.33, 95% CI, 0.09-0.57, P = .006 for physical inactivity; β = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.13-0.44, P < .001 for major depressive disorder). These factors similarly mediated the association between spousal cognitive disorder and cognitive functions such as memory and executive function. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThese findings suggest that the risk factors shared within couples may mediate approximately three-quarters of the spousal risk of cognitive disorders. Identification of and intervention in the shared risk factors of dementia within couples may reduce the risk of cognitive disorders in the spouses of people with dementia.

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The neuropathology of traumatic brain injury

Cited by 580 publications

References 152 publications

Traumatic Penumbra: Opportunities for Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Processes

Traumatic Penumbra: Opportunities for Neuroprotective and Neurorestorative Processes

An Autopsy Study of Pattern of Fatal Cranio-Cerebral Injuries Due to Blunt Force Trauma at Medicolegal Centre of A Tertiary Healthcare Centre

Exploration of Cognitive Outcomes and Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Shared by Couples

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