“…In addition to affecting people, NCL-like disorders have been reported to occur naturally in a number of other mammalian species including dogs, cats, cattle, horses, sheep, mice, and monkeys, as well as in some non-mammalian species (Bildfell et al, 1995; Bond et al, 2013; Broom et al, 1998; Cesta et al, 2006; Chalkley et al, 2014; Evans et al, 2012; Fiske and Storts, 1988; Frugier et al, 2008; Gao et al, 2002; Green and Little, 1974; Hafner et al, 2005; Houweling et al, 2006; Jasty et al, 1984; Jolly et al, 1994a; Jolly and Palmer, 1995; Kay Read and Bridges, 1969; Nakayama et al, 1993; Nibe et al, 2011; Ranta et al, 1999; Reece and MacWhirter, 1988; Tammen et al, 2006; Tyynela et al, 2000; Url et al, 2001; Weissenbock and Rossel, 1997; Wheeler et al, 2002; Woods et al, 1993). Mouse, pig, fish, and insect models of the NCLs have also been created through genetic engineering (Bond et al, 2013; Bouchelion et al, 2014; Faller et al, 2015; Miller et al, 2015; Schultheis et al, 2013). Although many naturally occurring progressive neurological disorders in dogs have been reported as NCLs, for the purposes of this review only those disorders in which the disease has been associated with mutations in the canine ortholog of one of the 13 known human NCL genes will be considered to be confirmed cases of NCL.…”