The Neurological Predictor Scale: A predictive tool for long‐term core cognitive outcomes in survivors of childhood brain tumors

Taiwo, Zinat; Na, Sabrina; King, Tricia Z.

doi:10.1002/pbc.26203

Cited by 27 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…AYA brain tumour survivors are often at higher risk of cognitive issues than other cancer survivors . Impaired memory seemed to be the most common cognitive issue . Qualitative findings established that impaired memory was a daily issue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Many survivors presented with poor processing speeds, leading to poorer physical and/or mental health, social functioning, and health‐related quality of life . Similarly, language and vocabulary issues were challenging .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,49,53,55 Impaired memory seemed to be the most common cognitive issue. [21][22][23][24][25][26]35,39,47,48,[56][57][58][59] Qualitative findings [21][22][23][24]31,47,56 established that impaired memory was a daily issue. Memory issues were innate in how survivors and their caregivers assessed their ability to self-care and meet developmental milestones, such as living independently, 22 making friendships, 23 and educational achievements.…”

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attentional deficits were particularly challenging because of their consequent impact on the development of other cognitive abilities, social functioning, and academic achievement. 21,35,48,57,59 Evidence suggested that AYA survivors scored lower in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores and had limited mathematical skills. 29,33,34,[47][48][49]55,58,60 AYAs scored lower in IQ testing than population controls.…”

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29,33,34,[47][48][49]55,58,60 AYAs scored lower in IQ testing than population controls. 34,60 Many survivors presented with poor processing speeds, 21,23,37,39,48,59,61 leading to poorer physical and/or mental health, 37 social functioning, 21,23 and health-related quality of life. 37,39 Similarly, language and vocabulary issues were challenging.…”

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Objective Long‐term issues following diagnosis and treatment of a childhood brain tumour often become apparent as the survivor enters adolescence and young adulthood. Their caregivers may additionally face long‐term impacts on their emotional and psychological functioning. This review synthesised evidence on the issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of a brain tumour diagnosed in childhood and their caregivers. Methods Electronic databases were searched up until September 2017. All studies reporting on issues or needs of childhood brain tumour survivors (aged 14‐39) and their caregivers were included. Narrative synthesis methods were used to summarise, integrate, and interpret findings. Results Fifty‐six articles (49 studies) met the inclusion criteria. Social issues (ie, isolation and impaired daily functioning) were most commonly reported by survivors, followed by cognitive (ie, impaired memory and attention) and physical issues (ie, endocrine dysfunctions and fatigue). Survivors experienced poorer social functioning and sexual functioning and were less likely to be employed or have children, when compared with other AYA cancer survivors. Caregivers experienced reduced support as the survivor moved into young adulthood. Caregivers reported uncertainty, increased responsibilities, and problems maintaining their own self–well‐being and family relationships. Few studies reported on supportive care needs. Survivors expressed a need for better educational support and age‐specific psychosocial services. Conclusions Surviving a childhood brain tumour can be particularly challenging for AYA survivors and their caregivers. Robust structured research is needed to identify specific support needs of both survivors and their caregivers and how these can be optimally addressed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Oral processing speed as a key mechanism in the relationship between neurological risk and adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumors

Semmel

Quadri

King

2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Purpose: Brain tumor (BT) survivors are at risk for difficulties with adaptive functioning (AF). Recent work has associated neurological risk with poorer AF outcomes using the Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS), a quantification of neurological risk factors. Survivors also have poorer attention, processing speed, and working memory, which are all important for AF. The current study examined whether these cognitive constructs explain the relationship between the NPS and AF in survivors. Methods: Ninety-five adult BT survivors and 135 healthy controls were recruited from the Atlanta area. The Oral Symbol Digits Modalities test was used to measure processing speed, Digit Span Backward assessed working memory, and Digit Span Forward measured attention. Informants completed the Scales of Independent Behavior (SIB-R) to measure AF. Group differences and correlations were assessed, and the PROCESS macro for SPSS tested indirect effects. Results: Survivors were significantly lower on AF and cognitive measures compared with controls. Attention span and processing speed had significant indirect effects in relationship between NPS and AF individually, but processing speed was the only variable with a significant indirect effect when all cognitive variables were included in the model. The NPS and processing speed together account for approximately 39% of variance in AF outcomes. Conclusions: BT survivors in our sample have lower AF than controls, and processing speed appears to be particularly important in explaining the relationship between neurological risk and AF. In the future, the development of interventions aimed at increasing young adult independence should target both cognitive processing speed and AF skills.

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Predicting neurocognitive function in pediatric brain tumor early survivorship: The neurological predictor scale and the incremental validity of tumor size

McCurdy

Raghubar

Christopher

et al. 2022

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background: The Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS) quantifies cumulative exposure to conventional treatment-related neurological risks but does not capture potential risks posed by tumors themselves. This study evaluated the predictive validity of the NPS, and the incremental value of tumor location and size, for neurocognitive outcomes in early survivorship following contemporary therapies for pediatric brain tumors. Procedure: Survivors (N = 69) diagnosed from 2010 to 2016 were administered age-appropriate versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales. Hierarchical multiple regressions examined the predictive and incremental validity of NPS score, tumor location, and tumor size. Results: Participants (51% female) aged 6-20 years (M = 13.22, SD = 4.09) completed neurocognitive evaluations 5.16 years (SD = 1.29) postdiagnosis. The NPS significantly predicted Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ; ΔR 2 = .079), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI; ΔR 2 = 0.051), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI; ΔR 2 = 0.065), and Processing Speed Index (PSI; ΔR 2 = 0.049) performance after controlling for sex, age at diagnosis, and maternal education. Tumor size alone accounted for a significant amount of unique variance in FSIQ (ΔR 2 = 0.065), PRI (ΔR 2 = 0.076), and PSI (ΔR 2 = 0.080), beyond that captured by the NPS and relevant covariates. Within the full model, the NPS remained a significant independent predictor of FSIQ (β = −0.249, P = 0.016), VCI (β = −0.223, P = 0.048), and PRI (β = −0.229, P = 0.037).Conclusions: Tumor size emerged as an independent predictor of neurocognitive functioning and added incrementally to the predictive utility of the NPS. Pretreatment disease burden may provide one of the earliest markers of neurocognitive risk following contemporary treatments. With perpetual treatment advances, measures

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The Neurological Predictor Scale: A predictive tool for long‐term core cognitive outcomes in survivors of childhood brain tumors

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Long‐term issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A systematic review

Long‐term issues and supportive care needs of adolescent and young adult childhood brain tumour survivors and their caregivers: A systematic review

Oral processing speed as a key mechanism in the relationship between neurological risk and adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumors

Predicting neurocognitive function in pediatric brain tumor early survivorship: The neurological predictor scale and the incremental validity of tumor size

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