The Neurological Features of Early and ‘Latent’ Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Brew, Bruce J.; Perdices, Michael; Darveniza, Paul; Edwards, Paul D.; Whyte, Bruce M.; Burke, W. J.; Garrick, R.; O’Sullivan, Donnchadh; Penny, Ronald; Cooper, David A.

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1989.tb00339.x

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consequently, some caution should be exercised in the evaluation of their relationship to HIV disease. Acute bilateral brachial neuritis has also been reported, 9 as has a sensory neuropathy. 24 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination shows only a mild to moderate mononuclear pleocytosis and a mild increase in protein levels.…”

Section: Early Hiv Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

The peripheral nerve complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Brew

2003

Muscle and Nerve

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Peripheral nerve complications occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are frequent and challenging. This review discusses these various complications according to the degree of advancement of HIV disease. Particular emphasis is placed upon emerging causes of neuropathy found in the context of HIV disease, such as infection with hepatitis C and human T-lymphotropic virus type I, as well as neuropathies related to antiretroviral medications.

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Section: Early Hiv Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

The peripheral nerve complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Brew

2003

Muscle and Nerve

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“…x 400. before the onset of AIDS. Rarely, infected individuals display signs and symptoms of meningitis or even encephalitis close to the time of seroconversion although this is usually a self-limiting condition with full clinical recovery [16,40]. HIV proteins and antibodies to the virus can be detected in the CSF in many pre-symptomatic individuals [16,35,40,62,70].…”

Section: Entry Of Hiv To the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of HIV on Regional & Cellular Organisation of the Brain

Bell¹,

Anthony²,

Simmonds³

2006

CHR

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There are many excellent reviews of HIV infection of the nervous system. However these all assume that the reader has a working knowledge of the structure and cellular architecture of the brain. It may be that specialised brain vocabulary represents an unwelcome hurdle for those scientists with expert knowledge of the effects of HIV in other cell systems and who wish to extend that interest to the brain. This review provides an introduction to the component structures and cells of the brain and an overview of their involvement in HIV/AIDS. HIV infection leads to death through its capacity to progressively devastate the immune system. Current anti-HIV therapy has achieved considerable success in halting and partially reversing this process. In the absence of treatment, the breakdown of immunity is marked by declining CD4 counts and increasing vulnerability to opportunistic infections. In parallel with these effects on the lymphoid system, the nervous system is frequently the site of an initially stealthy infection which leads ultimately to symptomatic disease in a significant proportion of HIV infected individuals. The most feared manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) involvement is dementia. Unfortunately, serial CD4 counts and measurement of blood viral load do not serve to identify or monitor early infection of brain tissue. Since effective anti-HIV therapy has not achieved eradication of virus from lymphoid tissues, and anti-HIV drugs do not enter the nervous system easily, it is hardly surprising that HIV infection of the nervous system continues to cause clinical problems. Even in treatment-compliant patients, a measurable degree of cognitive impairment may develop, signalling previous or present HIV-related brain injury. The cause of HIV associated dementia and cognitive disability remains poorly understood. Perhaps most significantly, the long-term consequences of clinically occult brain infection are unknown and will require further investigation.

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“…The transmigration of HIV into the CNS from the systemic circulation is thought to initiate neuropathogenic processes, including forms of HIV encephalitis (HIVE) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. These processes can occur across all stages of HIV infection and treatment and are not solely determined by markers of HIV disease severity such as current CD4 + T-lymphocyte count [ 1 , 2 ]. In particular, it has become clear that the CNS is affected early in the course of infection, evidenced by the detection of HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as early as 8 days from transmission [ 3 ], frequent neurological signs and symptoms during acute HIV infection [ 4 ], and abnormalities in neuroimaging and CSF markers of inflammation during acute and primary HIV infection [ 5 , 6 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Is Linked to CD4/CD8 Ratio During Acute HIV

Chan

Patel

Hellmuth

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The Neurological Features of Early and ‘Latent’ Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

The peripheral nerve complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

The peripheral nerve complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Impact of HIV on Regional & Cellular Organisation of the Brain

Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Is Linked to CD4/CD8 Ratio During Acute HIV

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