The Neurohypophyseal Hormones Vasopressin and Oxytocin. Precursor Structure, Synthesis and Regulation

Rehbein, Monika; Hillers, Maren; Mohr, Evita; Ivell, Richard; Morley, Steven D.; Schmale, Hartwig; Richter, Dietmar

doi:10.1515/bchm3.1986.367.2.695

Cited by 99 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This sequence element overlaps partially with an ERE of the oxytocin gene -91 to -72) suggesting that positively and negatively acting protein factors may be involved in the expression of this gene. Similar potential regulatory sequence elements can be found in the Table 1 The putative promoter region of the rat oxytocin gene contains several potential gincocorticoid (GRE)-and estrogen-responsive elements (ERE) upstream of the transcription start site promoter region of the vasopressin gene (Mohr, E., unpublished) which agrees with the finding that upregulation of one gene concomitantly affects expression of the other [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Biotinylated Probesupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Rats placed under osmotic stress by drinking saline accumulate not only vasopressin but also oxytocin transcripts in the hypothalamus (reviewed in [1]). Conversely the two genes appear to be downregulated when rats are exposed to excess of serum vasopressin [2]. Another regulatory mechanism has been observed in certain cell types of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis where expression of the vasopressin gene is negatively controlled by steroids [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in rats occurs in mutually exclusive sets of hypothalamic neurons

et al. 1988

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The genes for the hypothalamic hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are located in close proximity to each other within the rat genome. They are separated by only approx. 11 kbp of DNA sequence and oriented in such a way that their transcription occurs on opposite DNA strands. Although the two genes are structurally very similar including common potential regulatory elements in their putative promoter regions, they are expressed in discrete populations of magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. In rats placed under osmotic stress, the vasopressin gene is upregulated; concomitantly transcription of the oxytocin gene is also stimulated. To address the question of whether this coordinated rise in oxytocin-encoding mRNA is the result of switching on oxytocin gene transcription in vasopressinergic neurons, in situ hybridization with double labelled cRNA probes was carried out. Biotinylated and [a-~sS]CTP labelled antisense cRNA probes specific for either vasopressin or oxytocin mRNA were constructed and hybridized to hypothalamic sections from saltloaded rats. The results demonstrate that upregulation of oxytocin gene transcription is restricted solely to oxytocinergic cells; no oxytocin gene transcripts can be detected in vasopressinergic neurons.

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Section: Biotinylated Probesupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in rats occurs in mutually exclusive sets of hypothalamic neurons

et al. 1988

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“…5 ug of poly A' RNA was fractionated on 1.5% agarose gel in the presence of 1.0 M formaldehyde and transferred to nitrocellulose filters (20). The 3'-specific human OT cDNA probe (21 ) used in this study is 187 bp in length, including a 30-bp linker. It corresponds to the final 60 nucleotides ofexon 3 coding for the carboxy terminal end ofthe neurophysin-I molecule and the adjacent sequences of the 3' untranslated region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Chibbar¹,

Miller²,

Mitchell³

1993

J. Clin. Invest.

245

116

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Despite the widespread clinical use of oxytocin (OT) as a potent and specific stimulant of labor, previous research data have not supported a role for OT in the physiology of normal human parturition. We have demonstrated synthesis of OT mRNA in amnion, chorion, and decidua using Northern blot analysis, ribonuclease protection assays, and in situ hybridization. Probes directed towards both the 3' and 5' ends of the gene have been used. Levels were highest in decidua with considerably less in chorion and amnion and very low levels in placenta. The transcript size in decidua appears to be 60-80 nucleotides smaller than the transcripts in amnion and chorion. OT gene expression in chorio-decidual tissues increased three-to fourfold around the time of labor onset. Estradiol stimulated synthesis of OT mRNA during in vitro incubation. These results support the hypothesis of a paracrine system involving OT and sex steroids within intrauterine tissues wherein significant changes could occur without being reflected in the maternal circulation. Such a paracrine system could rationalize a long-sought role for oxytocin in the physiology of human labor. These data may lead to novel approaches towards prevention or treatment of preterm labor. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 91:185-192.)

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“…The probe derived from the complete coding sequence of human preprovasopressin (exon 2) cloned in the pGEM-3Z plasmid and linearized with EcoRI and BamHI (Hara et al, 1990;Rehbein et al, 1986). One microgram of sense and antisense matrix riboprobes was synthesized, and 8-Am tissue sections were fixed and stained as described (Kecha et al, 2000).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis and functional aspects of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression in the thymus network

Hansenne¹,

Rasier²,

Péqueux³

et al. 2005

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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Ontogenesis of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) gene expression and function were investigated in murine thymus. OT and VP transcripts were detected in the thymus on embryonic days 13 and 15, respectively. Corresponding messenger RNAs were evidenced in thymic epithelial cells by in situ hybridization with a neurophysin probe. From all OT and VP receptors, only OTR was expressed by all Tcell subsets, while V1bR was found in double positive and single positive CD8 cells. In fetal thymic organ cultures, OTR antagonist d [dTyr(Et) 2 , Thr 4 ]OVT increased early apoptosis of CD8 cells, while V1bR antagonist (Sanofi SSR149415) inhibited T-cell differentiation, and favored CD8 T-cell commitment. D

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The Neurohypophyseal Hormones Vasopressin and Oxytocin. Precursor Structure, Synthesis and Regulation

Cited by 99 publications

References 4 publications

Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in rats occurs in mutually exclusive sets of hypothalamic neurons

Expression of the vasopressin and oxytocin genes in rats occurs in mutually exclusive sets of hypothalamic neurons

Synthesis of oxytocin in amnion, chorion, and decidua may influence the timing of human parturition.

Ontogenesis and functional aspects of oxytocin and vasopressin gene expression in the thymus network

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