The Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle

Knobil, E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50008-5

Cited by 707 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle of macaque monkeys is very similar to that of women, and the rhesus monkey has long been a model of choice in reproductive biology (Hotchkiss and Knobil, 1994;Knobil, 1980;Knobil and Hotchkiss, 1988). In endocrine studies in rhesus monkeys, cocaine stimulated estradiol release only during the follicular phase when estradiol was unopposed by progesterone, and not during the luteal phase when progesterone levels were high (Mello et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Estradiol on Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine Discrimination by Female Rhesus Monkeys

Mello

Negus

Knudson

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The ovarian steroid hormone, estradiol, enhances the reinforcing and locomotor activating effects of cocaine in rodents under some conditions. The present study evaluated the acute effects of estradiol benzoate (E 2 b) on cocaine self-administration and cocaine discrimination in female rhesus monkeys. Cocaine self-administration (0.10 mg/kg/inj., i.v.) was maintained on a fixed-ratio (FR) 30 schedule of reinforcement, and monkeys had access to cocaine during one 2-h session each day. E 2 b in a cyclodextrin vehicle (0.00001-0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered 30 min before test sessions conducted twice each week. Cocaine doses were administered in an irregular order during each dose-effect curve determination (0.001-0.3 mg/kg/inj.). Blood samples were collected after test sessions to determine 17b-estradiol levels. Banana-flavored food pellets were available on an FR 30 schedule in three 1-h sessions each day. Five monkeys were trained to discriminate cocaine (0.18 mg/kg, i.m.) from saline in a two-key food-reinforced procedure, and the effects of pretreatment with E 2 b in cyclodextrin and in sesame oil were studied. Acute administration of E 2 b did not consistently alter the cocaine self-administration or drug discrimination dose-effect curves in comparison to saline control treatment. Females also did not selfadminister E 2 b (0.00001-0.10 mg/kg, i.v.) above saline levels. Finally, E 2 b (0.0001-0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) did not substitute for cocaine in monkeys trained to discriminate cocaine from saline. Taken together, these data suggest that over the dose range studied, estradiol administration does not consistently alter the abuse-related effects of cocaine in female rhesus monkeys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Estradiol on Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine Discrimination by Female Rhesus Monkeys

Mello

Negus

Knudson

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…This knowledge deficit is significant, because homeostasis in the whole organism implicitly proceeds via repeated incremental dose-responsive adjustments transduced by the exchange of inhibitory and facilitative signals (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Thematic examples include reciprocal coupling between anorexigenic and satiety factors that govern body weight, sympathetic neuronal and adrenalglandular linkages that parse adaptations to stress, and glucose and insulin interactions that ration the distribution of metabolic fuels (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of in vivo time-evolving neuroendocrine dose–response properties unveils admixed deterministic and stochastic elements

Keenan

Alexander

Irvine

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Homeostasis in the intact organism is achieved implicitly by repeated incremental feedback (inhibitory) and feedforward (stimulatory) adjustments enforced via intermittent signal exchange. In separated systems, neurohormone signals act deterministically on target cells via quantifiable effector-response functions. On the other hand, in vivo interglandular signaling dynamics have not been estimable to date. Indeed, experimentally isolating components of an interactive network definitionally disrupts time-sensitive linkages. We implement and validate analytical reconstruction of endogenous effectorresponse properties via a composite model comprising (i) a deterministic basic feedback and feedforward ensemble structure; (ii) judicious statistical allowance for possible stochastic variability in individual biologically interpretable dose-response properties; and (iii) the sole data requirement of serially observed concentrations of a paired signal (input) and response (output). Application of this analytical strategy to a prototypical neuroendocrine axis in the conscious uninjected horse, sheep, and human (i) illustrates probabilistic estimation of endogenous effector dose-response properties; and (ii) unmasks statistically vivid (2-to 5-fold) random fluctuations in inferred target-gland responsivity within any given pulse train. In conclusion, balanced mathematical formalism allows one to (i) reconstruct deterministic properties of interglandular signaling in the intact mammal and (ii) quantify apparent signal-response variability over short time scales in vivo. The present proof-of-principle experiments introduce a previously undescribed means to estimate time-evolving signal-response relationships without isotope infusion or pathway disruption.I n contradistinction to the remarkable insights gained recently about signaling behavior in isolated systems, virtually nothing is known about quantitative properties of unperturbed interglandular control in vivo. This knowledge deficit is significant, because homeostasis in the whole organism implicitly proceeds via repeated incremental dose-responsive adjustments transduced by the exchange of inhibitory and facilitative signals (1-8). Thematic examples include reciprocal coupling between anorexigenic and satiety factors that govern body weight, sympathetic neuronal and adrenalglandular linkages that parse adaptations to stress, and glucose and insulin interactions that ration the distribution of metabolic fuels (9-11). The burgeoning repertoire of novel molecular signals establishes a need for integrative formalism to estimate such in vivo effector-response dynamics (12). The present analytical platform offers a first step toward this end. MethodsOverview. Analysis of isolated components of an interlinked system has provided important insights. However, this approach disrupts intrinsic control of spontaneously unfolding adaptive signal control. The current studies illustrate an analytical strategy to reconstruct unmanipulated in vivo dose-response attributes.Stochastic E...

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“…The discrepancy of GnRH activity between hpg and normal animals is not clear. One reason might be that small peptides such as GnRH degenerate in peripheral blood [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of eCG Administration on the Reproductive Function in Hypogonadal (hpg) Male Mice.

Hashizume

Tsujii

Takagi

et al. 1996

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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The Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle

Cited by 707 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of Estradiol on Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine Discrimination by Female Rhesus Monkeys

Effects of Estradiol on Cocaine Self-Administration and Cocaine Discrimination by Female Rhesus Monkeys

Reconstruction of in vivo time-evolving neuroendocrine dose–response properties unveils admixed deterministic and stochastic elements

Effect of eCG Administration on the Reproductive Function in Hypogonadal (hpg) Male Mice.

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