The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Childhood‐onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on Brain Structure and Function

Hermann, Bruce P.; Seidenberg, Michael; Bell, Brian; Rutecki, Paul; Sheth, Raj D.; Ruggles, Kevin H.; Wendt, Gary; O'Leary, Daniel S.; Magnotta, Vincent A.

doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.49901.x

Cited by 253 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…For example, it used to be thought that recurring febrile seizures were largely harmless, save for episodes of exceedingly prolonged seizures (status epilepticus; SE). However, it has been shown that childhood onset TLE results in reduced brain volumes and cognitive deficits later in life (Hermann et al, 2002). Furthermore, animais subjected to single episodes or a short series of seizures experience cell loss and synaptic rearrangement (Bengzon et al, 1997;Holmes and Ben-Ari, 1998;Haas et al, 2001).…”

Section: Avismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epileptiform synchronization in the rat insular and perirhinal cortices in vitro

Sudbury

Avoli

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The hippocampus plays a primary role in temporal lobe epilepsy, a common form of partial epilepsy in adults. Recent studies, however, indicate that extrahippocampal areas such as the perirhinal and insular cortices represent important participants in this epileptic disorder. By employing field potential recordings in the in vitro 4‐aminopyridine model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we have investigated here the contribution of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling to epileptiform activity in these structures. First, we provide evidence of epileptiform synchronicity between the perirhinal and insular cortices, and resolve some pharmacological and network mechanisms involved in sustaining the interictal‐ and ictal‐like discharges recorded there. Second, we report that in the absence of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission, GABAergic networks produce synchronous potentials that spread between the perirhinal and insular cortices. Finally, we have established that such activity is modulated by activating µ‐opioid receptors. Our findings support clinical and experimental evidence concerning the involvement of the perirhinal and insular cortex networks in temporal lobe epilepsy, and provide observations that may impact research focussing on the role of the insular cortex in nociception.

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Section: Avismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epileptiform synchronization in the rat insular and perirhinal cortices in vitro

Sudbury

Avoli

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…4 Studies report aberrant face processing mechanisms 5 and gaze direction and emotion recognition deficits. 6,7 Patients often present with broader neurocognitive dysfunction, attributed to a generalized impact of early onset on neurodevelopment, 8 and impairment is often found across different patient groups when compared with healthy controls. Few studies have addressed the link between social perceptual skills and behavioural difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social attention in children with epilepsy

Lunn

Donovan

Litchfield

et al. 2017

Brain and Cognition

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Children with epilepsy may be vulnerable to impaired social attention given the increased risk of neurobehavioural comorbidities. Social attentional orienting and the potential modulatory role of attentional control on the perceptual processing of gaze and emotion cues have not been examined in childhood onset epilepsies. Social attention mechanisms were investigated in patients with epilepsy (n = 25) aged 8-18 years old and performance compared to healthy controls (n = 30). Dynamic gaze and emotion facial stimuli were integrated into an antisaccade eye-tracking paradigm. The time to orient attention and execute a horizontal saccade toward (prosaccade) or away (antisaccade) from a peripheral target measured processing speed of social signals under conditions of low or high attentional control. Patients with epilepsy had impaired processing speed compared to healthy controls under conditions of high attentional control only when gaze and emotions were combined meaningfully to signal motivational intent of approach (happy or anger with a direct gaze) or avoidance (fear or sad with an averted gaze). Group differences were larger in older adolescent patients. Analyses of the discrete gaze emotion combinations found independent effects of epilepsy-related, cognitive and behavioural problems. A delayed disengagement from fearful gaze was also found under low attentional control that was linked to epilepsy developmental factors and was similarly observed in patients with higher reported anxiety problems. Overall, findings indicate increased perceptual processing of developmentally relevant social motivations during increased cognitive control, and the possibility of a persistent fear-related attentional bias. This was not limited to patients with chronic epilepsy, lower IQ or reported behavioural problems and has implications for social and emotional development in individuals with childhood onset epilepsies beyond remission.

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“…Estudos com PET têm demonstrado uma diminuição do metabolismo do lobo frontal em pacientes com ELT e os estudos neuropsicológicos mostram um declínio das funções executivas, através do WCST, em pacientes com ELT e depressão (26) . Existem, entretanto, poucos estudos com métodos de neuroimagem mais requintados tentando estabelecer uma correlação entre as alterações observadas na neuroimagem e a presença de transtornos mentais em adultos e crianças com epilepsia.…”

Section: • Estudos De Neuroimagemunclassified

A disfunção do lobo frontal em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia de lobo temporal e sua possível correlação com a ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos

Rzezak¹,

Fuentes²,

Guimarães

et al. 2005

J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol.

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RESUMOIntrodução: Há evidências de que pessoas com alguns tipos de epilepsia podem apresentar prejuízos cognitivos, sendo que para alguns pacientes, tais déficits cognitivos podem ser mais debilitantes do que suas crises epilépticas. A disfunção do lobo frontal é relatada em adultos com epilepsia do lobo temporal, caracterizada pela disfunção executiva. Objetivo: Rever a literatura sobre a ocorrência de disfunção de lobo frontal em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia do lobo temporal. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura compulsada no PUBMED. Resultados: A disfunção do lobo frontal tem sido pouco estudada em crianças com epilepsia, em especial com epilepsia do lobo temporal. No único estudo sobre este assunto, demonstrouse que há um déficit executivo, sendo que as crianças com esclerose mesial têm maiores déficits de execução/ planejamento do que aquelas com lesões neocorticais temporais ou frontais. A presença de uma disfunção do lobo frontal nos pacientes com epilepsia parcial e generalizada pode corroborar as evidências de que epilepsia e transtorno psiquiátrico são epifenômenos e não fenômenos com relação causa-efeito. Conclusões: Há uma escassez de artigos sobre a disfunção do lobo frontal em crianças com epilepsia do lobo temporal, sendo de interesse saber se esta ocorre e se pacientes com etiologias distintas apresentam diferentes graus de comprometimento destas funções. Unitermos: epilepsia, crianças, lobo frontal, lobo temporal, transtornos psiquiátricos. ABSTRACT Frontal lobe disfunction in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy and possible correlation with psychiatric disordersIntroduction: There is evidence that individuals with certain types of epilepsy may present cognitive disorders, and that these disorders can be more debilitating than seizures proper. Frontal lobe disorders are reported in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy, carachterized by executive disfunction. Rationale: Literary revision of work concerning the occurence of frontal lobe dysfunction in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Systematic revision of published literature in PUBMED. Results: Frontal lobe dysfunction has been poorly studied in children with epilepsy, especially in temporal lobe epilepsy. In the only study on the subject, executive deficit was demonstrated. Moreover, children with mesial sclerosis had more deficit in execution/planning than those with frontal or temporal neocortical lesions. Presence of frontal lobe dysfunction, in patients with partial and generalized epilepsy, may corroborate evidence that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders are epiphenomena and not cause-effect related phenomena. Conclusion: There are few articles on frontal lobe dysfunction in children with temporal lobe epilepsy. It would be interesting to find out if, and how much this occurs, and if patients with distinct etiologies present different levels of functional disability.

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The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Childhood‐onset Temporal Lobe Epilepsy on Brain Structure and Function

Abstract: Childhood-onset temporal lobe epilepsy appears to be associated with an adverse neurodevelopmental impact on brain structure and cognition that appears generalized in nature and especially evident in white-matter tissue volume.

Cited by 253 publications

References 57 publications

Epileptiform synchronization in the rat insular and perirhinal cortices in vitro

Epileptiform synchronization in the rat insular and perirhinal cortices in vitro

Social attention in children with epilepsy

A disfunção do lobo frontal em crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia de lobo temporal e sua possível correlação com a ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos

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