The Neurochemical Basis of Acetylcholine Precursor Loading as a Therapeutic Strategy

Jenden, Donald J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2934-3_28

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Trials'with two doses of oral choline chloride in both young and elderly adults did not demonstrate any significant effects on memory. The most plausible explanation for these negative results is that although oral choline does raise concentrations of acetylcholine in the brain, it may not increase the rate of transmission at cholinergic synapses (Jenden, 1979;Wurtman & Growdon, 1979). Another possibility is that choline increases transmission only in the striatum, a brain region not directly involved in memory functioning (Jenden, 1979).…”

Section: Memory Improvement By Cholinomimeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most plausible explanation for these negative results is that although oral choline does raise concentrations of acetylcholine in the brain, it may not increase the rate of transmission at cholinergic synapses (Jenden, 1979;Wurtman & Growdon, 1979). Another possibility is that choline increases transmission only in the striatum, a brain region not directly involved in memory functioning (Jenden, 1979). Although cholinergic neurons are distributed throughout the brain, a reasonable hypothesis is that cholinergic involvement in memory functioning is mediated primarily by the hippocampus.…”

Section: Memory Improvement By Cholinomimeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholinergic drug effects on memory and cognition in humans.

Mohs¹,

Davis²,

Darley³

1980

Aging in the 1980s: Psychological Issues.

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This chapter summarizes recent attempts to improve normal memory functioning and to alleviate age-related memory deficits by administering drugs that affect transmission at cholinergic synapses. In young adults, a low dose of physostigmine, a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor, enhanced storage of in formation in long-term memory. Higher doses of physostigmine impaired all aspects of memory. Choline chloride, a precursor to acetylcholine, did not have a substantial effect on memory in a series of four studies with young and elderly adults. It has been difficult to conduct studies of elderly patients suffering from memory loss because of wide individual variations in baseline cognitive abilities and in dose-response curves for cholinergic drugs. A preliminary study utilizing methods that allow for such individual differences indicates that physostigmine can also improve memory in these patients.

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Section: Memory Improvement By Cholinomimeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Memory Improvement By Cholinomimeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic drug effects on memory and cognition in humans.

Mohs¹,

Davis²,

Darley³

1980

Aging in the 1980s: Psychological Issues.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Choline for ACh synthesis is supplied through a high-affinity, Na-dependent choline uptake system (HACU) mediated by a protein (CHT-1) (Okuda and Haga, 2003) that transports Ch into cholinergic synaptic terminals. Net production from phospholipids, and plasma Ch are other possible sources of Ch for ACh synthesis (Jenden, 1979a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain acetylcholine and choline concentrations and dynamics in a murine model of the Fragile X syndrome: Age, sex and region-specific changes

Scremin¹,

Roch²,

Norman³

et al. 2015

Neuroscience

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Effects of supplemental choline on extracellular acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens during normal behavior and pharmacological acetylcholine depletion

Rada

Mark

Hoebel

1994

Synapse

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Brain microdialysis was used to determine whether systemic or local application of choline would modify the extracellular concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of freely moving rats. Supplemental choline given intraperitoneally or into the NAc of normal rats did not increase extracellular ACh. When local ACh interneurons in the NAc were treated pharmacologically to deplete the intracellular stores of ACh, then systemic choline (80 mg/kg) was an effective treatment. Specifically, 1) blockade of the high-affinity choline transporter with hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) to reduce ACh synthesis caused a decrease in extracellular ACh, but choline supplementation restored ACh toward its normal level in the NAc. 2) Local bicuculline treatment released ACh to the point of depletion, but systemic choline or locally infused choline helped maintain normal ACh levels. These results suggest that choline supplementation might be useful in preventing depletion of ACh in the nucleus accumbens during pathological conditions.

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The Neurochemical Basis of Acetylcholine Precursor Loading as a Therapeutic Strategy

Cited by 18 publications

References 135 publications

Cholinergic drug effects on memory and cognition in humans.

Cholinergic drug effects on memory and cognition in humans.

Brain acetylcholine and choline concentrations and dynamics in a murine model of the Fragile X syndrome: Age, sex and region-specific changes

Effects of supplemental choline on extracellular acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens during normal behavior and pharmacological acetylcholine depletion

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