The neurobiology of self face recognition among depressed adolescents

Quevedo, Karina; Harms, Madeline B.; Sauder, Mitchell; Scott, Hannah; Mohamed, Sumaya; Thomas, Kathleen M.; Schallmo, Michael-Paul; Smyda, Garry

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.023

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The group differences in resting state brain connectivity demonstrate the impact of abuse on neural function in depressed and obese youth, specifically in correlated brain regions that form a network to process emotion and self-perception (59), as well as motivation, reward, and executive control over emotion and reward (60). In our investigation of the amygdala and insula as common denominator regions in depression and obesity, our data implicate the precuneus for both, highlighting the importance of self-referential thinking in high abuse-exposed youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and Endocrine Correlates of Early Life Abuse in Youth With Depression and Obesity

et al. 2018

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Depression and insulin resistance are becoming increasingly prevalent in younger populations. The origin and consequence of insulin resistance in depressed youth may, in part, be rooted in exposure to environmental stressors, such as early life abuse, that may lead to aberrant brain motivational networks mediating maladaptive food-seeking behaviors and insipient insulin resistance. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the impact of early life abuse on the development of insulin resistance in depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17 years. We hypothesized that youth with the greatest burden of early life abuse would have the highest levels of insulin resistance and corresponding aberrant reward network connectivities. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated sixty-nine depressed and overweight youth aged 9 to 17, using multimodal assessments of early life abuse, food-seeking behavior, and insulin resistance. Based on results of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), we separated our study participants into two groups: 35 youth who reported high levels of the sum of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse and 34 youth who reported insignificant or no levels of any abuse. Results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), using the amygdala, insula, and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as seed-based reward network regions of interest, were analyzed for group differences between high abuse and low abuse groups. High abuse youth exhibited differences from low abuse youth in amygdala-precuneus, NAcc-paracingulate gyrus, and NAcc-prefrontal cortex connectivities, that correlated with levels of abuse experienced. The more different their connectivity from of that of low abuse youth, the higher were their fasting glucose and glucose at OGTT endpoint. Importantly, level of abuse moderated the relation between reward network connectivity and OGTT glucose response. In contrast, low abuse youth showed hyperinsulinemia and more insulin resistance than high abuse youth, and their higher OGTT insulin areas under the curve correlated with more negative insula-precuneus connectivity. Our findings suggest distinct neural and endocrine profiles of youth with depression and obesity based on their histories of early life abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and Endocrine Correlates of Early Life Abuse in Youth With Depression and Obesity

et al. 2018

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“…It was expected that this would engage areas supportive of both working memories during the counting-backward condition (Woodward et al, 2006 ) and face processing during exposure to an unfamiliar teen face (Sabatinelli et al, 2011 ). It was expected that both the FB and CB conditions would engage circuits supportive of memory recall (Quevedo et al, 2019 ) and self-face and unfamiliar processing (Quevedo et al, 2016 , 2018 ; Alarcón et al, 2019 ) during the novel neurofeedback protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, we used real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback to train adolescent participants in the voluntary regulation of the amygdala and hippocampus activity and expected to engage cortical neural networks that enable self-processing and affect regulation. Our selection of ROI was spurred by our findings of the hypoactive bilateral amygdala and hippocampus (AMYHIPP) during happy self-face vs. other-face recognition (Quevedo et al, 2018 ) in depressed adolescents compared to healthy controls. Our decision to examine left and right amygdala connectivity in the present study was also guided by the fact that left vs. right amygdala to mPFC connectivity characterized suicide attempts in depressed adolescents (Alarcón et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our conceptual model is that given extensive evidence that depression severely dampens emotional saliency (limbically mediated) and cognitive awareness (mPFC mediated) of positive self-relevant information (Dere et al, 2010 ; Köhler et al, 2015 ), neurofeedback could train those processes via AMYHIPP upregulation. Given abnormal self-processing circuitry in depressed adolescents (Quevedo et al, 2016 , 2018 ; Alarcón et al, 2019 ) and the role of AMYHIPP and midline cortical structure dysfunction as substrates of emotion dysregulation; we sought to increase its activity during adolescence: a formative period for self and emotion processing (Greenberg et al, 2004 ; Murphy et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amygdala Circuitry During Neurofeedback Training and Symptoms’ Change in Adolescents With Varying Depression

Quevedo

Teoh

Engstrom

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Typical adolescents have increased limbic engagement unchecked by regulatory medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity as well as heightened self-focus. The resulting emotion dysregulation and self-focused rumination make adolescents more susceptible to depression and suicide attempts. Heightened self-focus converges with mental illness among depressed adolescents, who deploy exaggerated attention to negative self-relevant stimuli and neglect positive ones as part of depression's phenomenology. This results in rigid negative self-representations during an identity formative period with potential lifetime repercussions. Current empirically supported treatments fail to allay recurrent depression. Evidence-based interventions for illnesses linked to suicide ideation and attempts (e.g., depression) underperform across the lifespan. This could be because current treatments are not successful in altering pervasive negative self-representations and affect dysregulation, which is known to be a risk factor of chronic depression. This study departs from the premise that increasing positive self-processing might be protective against chronic depression particularly during adolescence. The present research is a novel investigation of neurofeedback as a potential treatment alternative for adolescent depression. To enhance positive selfprocessing, we used the happy self-face as a cue to initiate neurofeedback from the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus and adolescents attempted to upregulate that limbic activity through the recall of positive autobiographical memories. We identified limbic functional circuitry engaged during neurofeedback and links to short-term symptoms' change in depression and rumination. We found that depressed youth showed greater right amygdala to right frontocortical connectivity and lower left amygdala to right frontocortical connectivity compared to healthy controls during neurofeedback vs. control conditions. Depressed youth also showed significant symptom reduction. Connectivity between the right amygdala and frontocortical regions was positively correlated with rumination and depression change, but connectivity between frontocortical regions and the left amygdala was negatively correlated with depression change. The results suggest that depressed youth might engage implicit

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“…The function of this area includes ego-inflation and selfenhancement. This sense of being special changes as the MPFC develops (Alarcón, Sauder, Teoh, Forbes, & Quevedo, 2019;Quevedo et al, 2016Quevedo et al, , 2018. Ego-protection and expansion are core parts of human development (Rodman, Powers, & Sommerville, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%