The neural systems that mediate human perceptual decision making

Heekeren, Hauke R.; Marrett, Sean; Ungerleider, Leslie G.

doi:10.1038/nrn2374

Cited by 808 publications

(736 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In the current study, the dlPFC encoded individual cue weights as well as combined SoE, indicating that this region may be directly involved in the cue integration process. This is consistent with prior reports demonstrating engagement of the dlPFC in evidence accumulation during perceptual decision-making (Gold and Shadlen, 2007;Heekeren et al, 2008), and encoding of ambiguity or difficulty in multi-attribute decision-making (Kahnt et al, 2011;Krebs et al, 2012). Our results further demonstrate involvement of the fronto-parietal control network in a feature-invariant evidence integration processes, possibly guiding attention to cues according to their weighted importance and tracking uncertainty in choices.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C TReal-life decision-making often involves combining multiple probabilistic sources of information under finite time and cognitive resources. To mitigate these pressures, people "satisfice", foregoing a full evaluation of all available evidence to focus on a subset of cues that allow for fast and "good-enough" decisions. Although this form of decision-making likely mediates many of our everyday choices, very little is known about the way in which the neural encoding of cue information changes when we satisfice under time pressure. Here, we combined human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a probabilistic classification task to characterize neural substrates of multi-cue decision-making under low (1500 ms) and high (500 ms) time pressure. Using variational Bayesian inference, we analyzed participants' choices to track and quantify cue usage under each experimental condition, which was then applied to model the fMRI data. Under low time pressure, participants performed nearoptimally, appropriately integrating all available cues to guide choices. Both cortical (prefrontal and parietal cortex) and subcortical (hippocampal and striatal) regions encoded individual cue weights, and activity linearly tracked trial-by-trial variations in the amount of evidence and decision uncertainty. Under increased time pressure, participants adaptively shifted to using a satisficing strategy by discounting the least informative cue in their decision process. This strategic change in decision-making was associated with an increased involvement of the dopaminergic midbrain, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum in representing and integrating cue values. We conclude that satisficing the probabilistic inference process under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in the neural drivers of decisions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

et al. 2017

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“…Guerin andMiller 2011). This interpretation is supported by prior research suggesting that IPS activity during perceptual decisions in humans (Ploran et al 2007;Heekeren et al 2008;Tosoni et al 2008;Kayser et al 2010;Ploran et al 2011, cf. Ho et al 2009Guerin and Miller 2011) and lateral intraparietal activity in nonhuman primates Newsome 1996, 2001;Schall 2003;Kiani et al 2008;Kiani and Shadlen 2009) is associated with the accumulation of evidence to guide perceptual decision making.…”

Section: Dorsal Ppc: Lateral Ips Versus Splsupporting

confidence: 75%

Functional Heterogeneity in Posterior Parietal Cortex Across Attention and Episodic Memory Retrieval

et al. 2012

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While attention is critical for event memory, debate has arisen regarding the extent to which posterior parietal cortex (PPC) activation during episodic retrieval reflects engagement of PPCmediated mechanisms of attention. Here, we directly examined the relationship between attention and memory, within and across subjects, using functional magnetic resonance imaging attentionmapping and episodic retrieval paradigms. During retrieval, 4 functionally dissociable PPC regions were identified. Specifically, 2 PPC regions positively tracked retrieval outcomes: lateral intraparietal sulcus (latIPS) indexed graded item memory strength, whereas angular gyrus (AnG) tracked recollection. By contrast, 2 other PPC regions demonstrated nonmonotonic relationships with retrieval: superior parietal lobule (SPL) tracked retrieval reaction time, consistent with a graded engagement of top-down attention, whereas temporoparietal junction displayed a complex pattern of belowbaseline retrieval activity, perhaps reflecting disengagement of bottom-up attention. Analyses of retrieval effects in PPC topographic spatial attention maps (IPS0-IPS5; SPL1) revealed that IPS5 and SPL1 exhibited a nonmonotonic relationship with retrieval outcomes resembling that in the SPL region, further suggesting that SPL activation during retrieval reflects top-down attention. While demands on PPC attention mechanisms vary during retrieval attempts, the present functional parcellation of PPC indicates that 2 additional mechanisms (mediated by latIPS and AnG) positively track retrieval outcomes.

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“…In humans, a number of studies have identified a frontoparietal network involved in processes during perceptual decisions, including sensory processing, attentional control, evidence accumulation, and motor planning (Heekeren et al, 2008;Kayser et al, 2010a,b;Liu and Pleskac, 2011;Ploran et al, 2007Ploran et al, , 2011Rowe et al, 2010;Ho et al, 2009;Tosoni et al, 2008). Previously we demonstrated that for subjects performing a dot motion discrimination task, this network displays a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response that varies inversely with motion coherence (Kayser et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural representation of sensorimotor transformations in a human perceptual decision making network

Erickson

Kayser

2013

NeuroImage

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Humans can quickly engage a neural network to transform complex visual stimuli into a motor response. Activity from a key region within this network, the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), has been associated with evidence accumulation and motor planning, thus implicating it in sensorimotor transformations. If such transformations occur within a brain region, a key and untested prediction is that neural activity reflecting both the parametric amount of evidence available and the timing of motor planning can be independently manipulated. To investigate these ideas, we constructed a dot motion discrimination task in which information about response modality (what to use) and response mapping (how to use it) was provided independently either before or after presentation of a dot motion coherence stimulus whose strength varied across trials. Consistent with our hypothesis, activity within IPS covaried with dot motion coherence during the stimulus phase, and as information necessary for the response was delayed, the peak of IPS activity shifted to the response phase. In contrast, areas such as the motion-sensitive region MT+ and the supplementary motor area demonstrated activity limited to the stimulus and response phases of the task, respectively. These results show that activity in IPS correlates with temporally dissociable representations consistent with both evidence accumulation and motor planning, and suggest that IPS is a core component for sensorimotor transformations within the perceptual decision-making network.© 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionThe ability to link sensation with action is integral to even the most fundamental of decisions. In humans, a number of studies have identified a frontoparietal network involved in processes during perceptual decisions, including sensory processing, attentional control, evidence accumulation, and motor planning (Heekeren et al., 2008; Kayser et al., 2010a,b;Liu and Pleskac, 2011;Ploran et al., 2007Ploran et al., , 2011Rowe et al., 2010;Ho et al., 2009;Tosoni et al., 2008). Previously we demonstrated that for subjects performing a dot motion discrimination task, this network displays a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response that varies inversely with motion coherence (Kayser et al., 2010a). Consistent with previous and subsequent findings (e.g., Hebart et al., 2012;Ho et al., 2009;Kayser et al., 2010b), this negative parametric effect matched predictions of a proportional-rate diffusion model for evidence accumulation to a threshold (Palmer et al., 2005;Ratcliff and McKoon, 2008), and linked human brain activity with a computational model of the transformation from stimulus to response.Although this parametric effect is necessary, it is not sufficient to define regions that support such sensorimotor transformations. Human studies, for example, show that areas such as the motion-sensitive region MT+, supplementary motor area (SMA), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) all display this parametric effect. Importantly, results from macaque studies show that ...

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The neural systems that mediate human perceptual decision making

Cited by 808 publications

References 103 publications

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

Probabilistic inference under time pressure leads to a cortical-to-subcortical shift in decision evidence integration

Functional Heterogeneity in Posterior Parietal Cortex Across Attention and Episodic Memory Retrieval

The neural representation of sensorimotor transformations in a human perceptual decision making network

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