The Neural Instantiation of an Abstract Cognitive Map for Economic Choice

Cai, Xiaopan

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.011

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Thus, it is difficult to disentangle which of these factors is affected by LOFC inactivation. OFC is theorized to encode a dynamic cognitive map of task space that integrates all available action-outcome contingencies to guide decision-making ( Wilson et al, 2014 ; Schuck et al, 2016 ; Cai, 2021 ). It is possible that the ability to incorporate delays preceding punishment into this “map” is dependent on LOFC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Sensitivity to Delayed Punishment during Decision-Making

Liley

Gabriel

Simon

2022

eNeuro

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In real-world decision-making scenarios, negative consequences do not always occur immediately after a choice. This delay between action and outcome drives the underestimation, or “delay discounting,” of punishment. While the neural substrates underlying sensitivity to immediate punishment have been well-studied, there has been minimal investigation of delayed consequences. Here, we assessed the role of lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), two regions implicated in cost/benefit decision-making, in sensitivity to delayed versus immediate punishment. The delayed punishment decision-making task (DPDT) was used to measure delay discounting of punishment in rodents. During DPDT, rats choose between a small, single-pellet reward and a large, three-pellet reward accompanied by a mild foot shock. As the task progresses, the shock is preceded by a delay that systematically increases or decreases throughout the session. We observed that rats avoid choices associated with immediate punishment, then shift preference toward these options when punishment is delayed. LOFC inactivation did not influence choice of rewards with immediate punishment, but decreased choice of delayed punishment. We also observed that BLA inactivation reduced choice of delayed punishment for ascending but not descending delays. Inactivation of either brain region produced comparable effects on decision-making in males and females, but there were sex differences observed in omissions and latency to make a choice. In summary, both LOFC and BLA contribute to the delay discounting of punishment and may serve as promising therapeutic targets to improve sensitivity to delayed punishment during decision-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Sensitivity to Delayed Punishment during Decision-Making

Liley

Gabriel

Simon

2022

eNeuro

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“…The third and most plausible possibility is that in analogous to the face patches in the inferotemporal cortex for face processing (Tsao et al, 2006), the functional groups of neurons that have been repeatedly discovered in the OFC constitute a conserved circuit for economic choice. A working hypothesis is that such structured circuit may not only support an abstract cognitive map for flexible organization of the information of goods but also provide a possible anatomical substrate undergirding the transitivity of preferences, which is pivotal to the establishment of neoclassical economic theory (Cai, 2021;Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2008;Rustichini et al, 2017). Structural MRI scans were obtained before and after the surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogous to face patches in the inferotemporal cortex for face processing (Tsao et al, 2006), these functional groups of neurons in the OFC may constitute specialized circuits that have evolved to support specific aspects of decision-making. Such organized circuits may not only provide an abstract cognitive map for the flexible organization of goods information but also serve as an anatomical substrate underlying the transitivity of preferences, a fundamental concept in rational choice behavior (Cai, 2021; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2008; Rustichini et al, 2017). By maintaining dissociable modules for MC and SC, the brain may optimize decision-making processes by efficiently leveraging specialized circuits tailored to different task demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable neuronal modules in the orbitofrontal cortex representing single and multi-attribute choice tasks

Cai

2022

Preprint

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An important aspect of biological intelligence is the ability of quick task switching. Such ability may be realized through a neural system equipped with functionally specialized modules subserving each task. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) harbors a persistent circuit supporting economic decisions under different contexts. To examine the specialization of this circuit, we contrasted the coding of the same neurons in the OFC of rhesus monkeys under economic choice (EC) and single-attribute choice (SC). In EC, OFC neurons largely encoded offer value, chosen value and choice outcome in goods space. Strikingly, these neurons were tuned out in SC while a complementary set of neurons encoded SC-related variables in a spatial reference frame. Moreover, in EC, neurons encoding the same value-related variable are anatomically clustered and the noise correlation among these neurons dropped significantly when the animal switched from EC to SC, suggesting altered functional organization. Thus, dedicated modules in the OFC may support cognitive flexibility in choice.

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“…Cognitive mapping established an effective mechanism for stabilizing the acquisition and expression of knowledge [21][22]. Literature [23] discusses the effectiveness of cognitive mapping in the rodent hippocampus for characterizing the encoded Euclidean space and argues that cognitive mapping can be a bridge between the environment-behavior relationship to further enable the analysis of primate neural mapping. Literature [24] takes the brain spatial localization mechanism as the basis to construct the cognitive map of the mobile robot, and the cognitive picture can help the robot to realize the positional navigation in the unknown environment and realize the accurate localization of the mobile robot in the unknown space.…”

Section: ) Application Of Cognitive Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construction of Chinese Language and Literature Resource Base in Colleges and Universities under the Construction of Cognitive Mapping

Zhao

2023

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

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Keeping up with the development of the Internet era, it is imperative for colleges and universities to vigorously carry out the construction of a Chinese language and literature resource base to promote the healthy development of Chinese language and literature education. This paper starts with the construction of Chinese language literature resource base related technology, analyzes the basic model of the cognitive map and the construction of the cognitive map of Chinese language literature. The graph database technology is used to transform the data structure of the resource base and load data from the Chinese literature resource base. Based on the cognitive map and graph database, jointly constructed the Chinese language literature resource base and introduced the fuzzy C-mean integration algorithm to integrate the data resources for better access to Chinese language literature resources. To verify the effectiveness of the Chinese language and literature resource base constructed in this paper, it was tested and analyzed through practice. The results show that the overall average response time of the resource library in this paper is 718.50ms, which is 214.78ms lower than that of the online learning data platform, and the resource library developed in this paper can realize the loss in data sharing to be controlled to be less than 0.5MB. Utilizing the resource library to experiment with teaching Chinese language and literature, the average score of the experimental class increased from 88.96 to 95.23, which is an improvement of 6.27 points. The construction of the Chinese language and literature resource base under the cognitive mapping architecture can effectively enhance the common sharing of Chinese language and literature educational resources and prompt teachers to have richer teaching resources.

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The Neural Instantiation of an Abstract Cognitive Map for Economic Choice

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Sensitivity to Delayed Punishment during Decision-Making

Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala Regulate Sensitivity to Delayed Punishment during Decision-Making

Dissociable neuronal modules in the orbitofrontal cortex representing single and multi-attribute choice tasks

The Construction of Chinese Language and Literature Resource Base in Colleges and Universities under the Construction of Cognitive Mapping

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