The neural correlates of tic inhibition in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Ganos, Christos; Kahl, Ursula; Brandt, Valerie; Schunke, Odette; Bäumer, Tobias; Thomalla, Götz; Roessner, Veit; Haggard, Patrick; Münchau, Alexander; Kühn, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.007

Cited by 81 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This model of increased self-control could be seen as consistent with research on executive control over tics. Laboratory data suggest there is an inverse relation between tic severity and performance on a top-down cognitive-motor control task (Baym, Corbett, Wright, & Bunge, 2008), and that active tic suppression involves heightened activity in areas involved in top-down control (e.g., the left inferior frontal gyrus [Ganos et al, 2014]). A recent review found evidence suggesting that increased control over motor output, which could occur due to repeated tic suppression during development, leads to declining tic severity as affected individuals age (Jackson, Draper, Dyke, Pepes, & Jackson, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Habituation to Premonitory Urges in Behavior Therapy for Tic Disorders

et al. 2017

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Behavior therapy is effective for Persistent Tic Disorders (PTDs), but behavioral processes facilitating tic reduction are not well understood. One process, habituation, is thought to create tic reduction through decreases in premonitory urge severity. The current study tested whether premonitory urges decreased in youth with PTDs (N = 126) and adults with PTDs (N = 122) who participated in parallel randomized clinical trials comparing behavior therapy to psychoeducation and supportive therapy (PST). Trends in premonitory urges, tic severity, and treatment outcome were analyzed according to the predictions of a habituation model, whereby urge severity would be expected to decrease in those who responded to behavior therapy. Although adults who responded to behavior therapy showed a significant trend of declining premonitory urge severity across treatment, results failed to demonstrate that behavior therapy specifically caused changes in premonitory urge severity. In addition, reductions in premonitory urge severity in those who responded to behavior therapy were significant greater than those who did not respond to behavior therapy but no different than those who responded or did not respond to PST. Children with PTDs failed to show any significant changes in premonitory urges. Reductions in premonitory urge severity did not mediate the relationship between treatment and outcome in either adults or children. These results cast doubt on the notion that habituation is the therapeutic process underlying the effectiveness of behavior therapy, which has immediate implications for the psychoeducation and therapeutic rationale presented in clinical practice. Moreover, there may be important developmental changes in premonitory urges in PTDs, and alternative models of therapeutic change warrant investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Habituation to Premonitory Urges in Behavior Therapy for Tic Disorders

et al. 2017

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“…Habit reversal therapy, a widespread nonpharmacological treatment in GTS, actually trains patients to focus on premonitory urges to prevent expression of the corresponding tic . We have previously suggested that this approach relies on strengthening learned associations between interoceptive urge signals and an inhibitory motor command . Accordingly, high interoceptive awareness should predict a positive response to habit reversal therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premonitory urge to tic in tourette's is associated with interoceptive awareness

et al. 2015

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“…Kawohl et al 18 did not find different activation of the anterior cingulate cortex under the conditions suppression of tics, tics, or imitation of tics. Ganos et al 19 found increased activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus during voluntary tic inhibition compared with free ticcing. Mazzone et al 20 studied neural correlates of inhibition of the semivoluntary motor behavior eye blinking.…”

Section: Tic Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With regard to the fMRI studies, for example, one study has used resting state networks, 12 while another has used regional homogeneity. 19 The fMRI tasks themselves can have had different paradigms, 21,22 but also the same tasks can have been performed in different ways -eg, finger tapping with preferred or nonpreferred hand or imaginary finger …”

Section: Perspectives and Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%