The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation

Nord, Camilla L.; Dc, Halahakoon; Lally, Níall; Limbachya, Tarun; Pilling, Stephen; Roiser, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.022

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Researchers have used mood induction and regulation tasks to understand the neurobiological alterations leading to affect regulation problems in vulnerable individuals. High-risk adolescents had increased ventrolateral PFC and amygdala activity while experiencing the sad affect, but could not activate the dlPFC and dorsal ACC regions, which was observed in healthy participants 79-81 . Amygdala hyperactivation was widely reported in other age groups (children and young adults) with FH (+) compared to FH (-) populations 42,82-88 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…High-risk adolescents had increased ventrolateral PFC and amygdala activity while experiencing the sad affect, but could not activate the dlPFC and dorsal ACC regions, which was observed in healthy participants. [79][80][81] Amygdala hyperactivation was widely reported in other age groups (children and young adults) with FH (+) compared to FH (-) populations. 42,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88] Moreover, many studies investigated the differences in functional connectivity patterns between the amygdala and other brain regions in high-risk populations.…”

Section: Functional Mri Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Populations with Familial Risk for Depression: A Narrative Review

Burhanoglu

Gönül

2022

Harv Rev Psychiatry

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Learning objectivesAfter completing this activity, practitioners will be better able to:• Discuss the association between brain alterations and vulnerability or resilience to MDD in people with familial risk• Define how structural and functional brain alterations associated with vulnerability or resilience could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MDDAimFamilial history is associated with an increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the increased risk, some members of the familial high-risk population remain healthy, that is, resilient. Defining the structural and functional brain alterations associated with vulnerability or resilience could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. This study aimed to review the current literature and discuss the association between brain alterations and vulnerability or resilience to MDD in people with familial risk.MethodsA literature search on MRI studies investigating structural and functional alterations in populations at familial risk for MDD was performed using the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. The search was conducted through June 13, 2022.ResultsWe reviewed and summarized the data of 72 articles (25 structural MRI, 35 functional MRI, 10 resting-state fMRI, one structural/functional MRI combined, and one structural/functional/resting-state fMRI combined). These findings suggested that resilience in high-risk individuals is related to the amygdala structure, frontal lobe activity, and functional connectivity between the amygdala and multiple frontal regions.ConclusionResilient and vulnerable individuals exhibit structural and functional differences in multiple frontal and limbic regions. However, further systematic longitudinal research incorporating environmental factors is required to validate the current findings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Functional Mri Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Populations with Familial Risk for Depression: A Narrative Review

Burhanoglu

Gönül

2022

Harv Rev Psychiatry

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“…Why might deficits specifically in executive functions increase the risk for co-morbid depression among patients with ADHD? Given that "cold" executive functions as assessed in this review may strongly interact with emotional processing in the aetiology of depression and depression risk (Nord et al, 2020;Roiser et al, 2012), biases in emotional processing and poor emotion regulation, which critically depends on self-regulatory skills (Gyurak et al, 2011), may be candidate mechanisms mediating this association. However, the present review did not assess performance in tasks on "hot" cognitive functions in patients with depression, and therefore we can only speculate about the role of such cognition-emotion interactions in the development of ADHD-depression comorbidity.…”

Section: Possible Developmental Pathways From Adhd To Depressionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cognitive mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in ADHD: A systematic review

Mayer

Bernhard

Fann

et al. 2021

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation

Mayer

Brandt

Medda

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk to develop co-morbid depression. Identifying factors that contribute to depression risk may allow early intervention and prevention. Poor emotion regulation, which is common in adolescents, is a candidate risk factor. Impaired cognitive emotion regulation is a fundamental characteristic of depression and depression risk in the general population. However, little is known about cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD and its link to depression and depression risk. Using explicit and implicit measures, this study assessed cognitive emotion regulation in youth with ADHD (N = 40) compared to demographically matched healthy controls (N = 40) and determined the association with depressive symptomatology. As explicit measure, we assessed the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies via self-report. As implicit measure, performance in an ambiguous cue-conditioning task was assessed as indicator of affective bias in the processing of information. Compared to controls, patients reported more frequent use of maladaptive (i.e., self-blame, catastrophizing, and rumination) and less frequent use of adaptive (i.e., positive reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies. This pattern was associated with the severity of current depressive symptoms in patients. In the implicit measure of cognitive bias, there was no significant difference in response of patients and controls and no association with depression. Our findings point to depression-related alterations in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in youth with ADHD. The study suggests those alterations as a candidate risk factor for ADHD-depression comorbidity that may be used for risk assessment and prevention strategies.

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The neural basis of hot and cold cognition in depressed patients, unaffected relatives, and low-risk healthy controls: An fMRI investigation

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Populations with Familial Risk for Depression: A Narrative Review

Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Populations with Familial Risk for Depression: A Narrative Review

Cognitive mechanisms underlying depressive disorders in ADHD: A systematic review

Depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD: the role of impairments in cognitive emotion regulation

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