“…Secondly, the entire process inspires citizens to get involved, participate and interact, thus giving a positive boost to social cohesion [100][101][102]. It also evokes a sense of pride and willingness to change behavioural patterns and lifestyle [16].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most commonly addressed form of gain is economic, both by candidate countries and in the research literature [6][7][8][9], but positive effects are not only limited to this. On the contrary, the effects are also noticeable in the social, physical and environmental spheres [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
An agreement of cooperation and transmission of knowledge regarding the nomination for the European Green Capital Award (EGCA) was signed between the mayors of Belgrade and Ljubljana (EGCA 2016 winner) in September 2018. The candidacy of Belgrade was finally realized in October 2019. Great hope was placed in this endeavour because internationally recognized awards, such as the EGCA, represent enormous capital for both the city and the state. The EGCA requires serious preparation and significant fulfilment of preconditions. Many economically strong and environmentally responsible cities competed for the award, but did not win. On the other hand, the capital of Serbia does not appear to be an obvious winning candidate, especially as it is differentiated from the previous winners by being a non-EU city and by the fact that it is still undergoing an intense urban transformation, characteristic of transitional countries. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to present a review of the current state of Belgrade’s environmental qualities and its comparison with the EGCA criteria and with Grenoble as one of the winning competitors. The article gives a full overview of the EGCA requirements with certain details on required indicators, gives relevant insight into the procedure, which could be of use for any future candidacy, and discusses potential benefits for winners, losers and repeat candidacies.
“…Secondly, the entire process inspires citizens to get involved, participate and interact, thus giving a positive boost to social cohesion [100][101][102]. It also evokes a sense of pride and willingness to change behavioural patterns and lifestyle [16].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The most commonly addressed form of gain is economic, both by candidate countries and in the research literature [6][7][8][9], but positive effects are not only limited to this. On the contrary, the effects are also noticeable in the social, physical and environmental spheres [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
An agreement of cooperation and transmission of knowledge regarding the nomination for the European Green Capital Award (EGCA) was signed between the mayors of Belgrade and Ljubljana (EGCA 2016 winner) in September 2018. The candidacy of Belgrade was finally realized in October 2019. Great hope was placed in this endeavour because internationally recognized awards, such as the EGCA, represent enormous capital for both the city and the state. The EGCA requires serious preparation and significant fulfilment of preconditions. Many economically strong and environmentally responsible cities competed for the award, but did not win. On the other hand, the capital of Serbia does not appear to be an obvious winning candidate, especially as it is differentiated from the previous winners by being a non-EU city and by the fact that it is still undergoing an intense urban transformation, characteristic of transitional countries. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to present a review of the current state of Belgrade’s environmental qualities and its comparison with the EGCA criteria and with Grenoble as one of the winning competitors. The article gives a full overview of the EGCA requirements with certain details on required indicators, gives relevant insight into the procedure, which could be of use for any future candidacy, and discusses potential benefits for winners, losers and repeat candidacies.
“…Between 1978 and 1989, jogging rapidly gained in popularity, and many Dutch people joined a gym. 126 Dieting was still immensely popular, with people in the Netherlands spending 60 million guilders (around 30 USD million) per year on different regimes. 127 By the second half of the 1980s, journalists were claiming that the 'thinness and health mania' had definitively blown over from the U.S. 128 But despite the continued dominance of these ideals, government reports showed that Dutch people were feeling moderately less healthy as time went on.…”
In the past, advice on healthy living has often been neglected, or even openly defied. However, despite the prevalence of historical resistance against an idealised healthy lifestyle, this phenomenon has seen minimal investigation. Using eight American and Dutch newspapers, this study analyses how various 'resisters' found crossborder recognition from journalists for challenging existing norms about diet and exercise. It demonstrates that in the post-war era, lifestyle advice was increasingly contested in the U.S. and the Netherlands, leading to a transnational cacophony on the topic of health, and an increasingly ambiguous role for medical experts.
“…The importance of good sport governance to European Union (EU) sport priorities was further defined in 2016, when the Netherlands hosted the EU Presidency. The Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports published a Report on Integrity and Sport Events (Hover, Dijk, Breedveld, & van Eekeren, 2016), which focused on issues of transparency, good governance and the integrity of the actors involved in sport event planning and delivery. This report recommended that organisational integrity of sport events must be based on transparency (disclosure of requirements for bids, contracts and of decision-making procedures) and democratic processes (stakeholder participation, democratic procedures and support from the broader public).…”
In this conceptual paper, the authors propose a framework for how progressive human rights outcomes may be obtained in the context of bidding, planning and implementing major sport events (MSEs) through the implementation of four pathways, including good governance, the democratic participation of stakeholders, the formalisation of human rights agendas, and the deployment of sensitive urban development. The authors argue that there is a need for adherence to internationally recognised standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights if rhetorical statements from MSE awarding bodies and host organisers are to be accountable to a wider set of actors. If researchers and practitioners want to address some of the critical issues related to human rights and MSEs, it is imperative that key actors working in the rights sphere are involved in shaping the research agenda and monitoring its implementation. Academics need to take a proactive approach aimed at achieving both theoretically grounded and practically relevant solutions, with engagement occurring over an extended period of time. This approach, avowedly political and concerned with genuine action, is a key way in which MSE stakeholders can be held to account for their actions in regard to human rights.
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