The nest biology of the bee Andrena (Ptilandrena) erigeniae Robertson (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

Abstract

Detailed biological information on bees of the genus Andrena has been scarce (Linsley, MacSvvain, & Smith 1952b; Michener 1953a; Linsley 1958) and for hundreds of species little or nothing is known. Also most of the observations on Andrena life histories have been conducted in an opportunistic fashion, largely because of the difficulty in locating nests and the expense and time involved in necessary traveling. Studies have been conducted on the researcher's lawn, in a path on a college campus, near the tent on a

Alterations of hepatic Na + ,K + -ATPase and bile flow by estrogen: Effects on liver surface membrane lipid structure and function

“…This fraction has been called bile salt-independent bile flow, and recent studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between hepatic Na+, K+-ATPase activity and bile flow (10), supporting the hypothesis that this component of bile flow is regulated by the sodium pump. One drug consistently shown to reduce bile salt-independent bile flow is the synthetic estrogen derivative ethinyl estradiol (17a-ethinyl-1,3,5-estratriene-3,17f3-diol) (10)(11)(12)(13).The aim of the present study was to examine whether Na+, K+-ATPase activity is reduced after ethinyl estradiol treatment and, if so, what possible mechanisms might be involved. We recently found that ethinyl estradiol significantly increases hepatic cholesterol ester concentrations by activating hepatic microsomal cholesterol acyl-CoA transferase (14).…”

“…This fraction has been called bile salt-independent bile flow, and recent studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between hepatic Na+, K+-ATPase activity and bile flow (10), supporting the hypothesis that this component of bile flow is regulated by the sodium pump. One drug consistently shown to reduce bile salt-independent bile flow is the synthetic estrogen derivative ethinyl estradiol (17a-ethinyl-1,3,5-estratriene-3,17f3-diol) (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Solar neutrinos: Theory versus observation

“…Davis and his associates have succeeded in lowering the limit stated in relation (14) by more than four orders of magnitude through a series of experimental developments. I shall outline only briefly the main features of this beautiful observational work; the reader is referred to the original papers for a complete description (see Davis, 1964Davis, , 1970aDavis and Harmer, 1965;Davis et al, 1968Davis et al, , 1971Davis et al, , 1972Davis and Evans, 1973;.…”

Leucophora Satellite Flies (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) as Nest Parasites of Sweat Bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in the Neotropics

“…Leucophora are particularly noteworthy for their host-searching behavior, the so-called satellite flight, in which the flies track host insects in flight with great precision, eventually following them into nests (Polidori et al 2005 and references therein). Once they have entered a host nest in pursuit of a host, they are thought to lay their own egg or eggs on the food stores of the host's brood cell (Copeman 1921, Davis & LaBerge 1975.…”